NVD / CVE Program· CNA apple

CVE-2025-43520: A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 52/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Mar 20, 2026). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Apr 3, 2026.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.42% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.1, tvOS 26.1, visionOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1. A malicious application may be able to cause unexpected system termination or write kernel memory.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

Published: Dec 12, 2025
Updated: Oct 7, 2026
EPSS: 0.4% · 36th percentile
CWE: CWE-120

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 5.5
CNA · apple: 5.5; agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Mar 20, 2026. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Apr 3, 2026.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
apple	ipados	cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados
apple	iphone os	cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os
apple	macos	cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos
apple	tvos	cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos
apple	visionos	cpe:2.3:o:apple:visionos
apple	watchos	cpe:2.3:o:apple:watchos

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

apple ipadosbefore 18.7.2
apple ipados26.0
apple iphone osbefore 18.7.2
apple iphone os26.0
apple macos14.0 and later · before 14.8.2
apple macos15.0 and later · before 15.7.2
apple macos26.0
apple tvosbefore 26.1
apple visionosbefore 26.1
apple watchosbefore 26.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Apple iOS and iPadOS
- before 18.7.2affected
- before 26.1affected
Apple macOS
- before 14.8.2affected
- before 15.7.2affected
- before 26.1affected
Apple tvOS
- before 26.1affected
Apple visionOS
- before 26.1affected
Apple watchOS
- before 26.1affected

Same product

apple: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-43300An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV
90Now
CVE-2021-30860An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV
84Now
CVE-2023-41064A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling.KEV
77This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-43510Dec 12, 2025 · A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved lock state checking.KEV
61This week
← EarlierCVE-2025-43511Dec 12, 2025 · A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management.
26Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-43428Dec 17, 2025 · A configuration issue was addressed with additional restrictions.
39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-10-30

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedDec 12, 2025
CISA KEVMar 20, 2026+97 d
First PoCOct 30, 2026+321 d
TodayNov 3, 2026+326 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-28858102 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.
39Monitor
CVE-2026-43807227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.
39Monitor
CVE-2025-24237256 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.
39Monitor
CVE-2026-84609276 days apartA permissions issue was addressed with improved path validation.
39Monitor
CVE-2026-28931227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.
35Monitor
CVE-2026-43776227 days apartA buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking.
31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: none
Integrity: none
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: None
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-120 · Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

When data is copied, the source length is not compared with the size of the destination buffer. Excess data overwrites adjacent memory.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-120 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1char buf[256];
2memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);

Fixed

1char buf[256];
2if (pkt->len > sizeof(buf)) {
3  return -EINVAL;
4}
5memcpy(buf, pkt->data, pkt->len);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

support.apple.com/en-us/125632

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records