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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-40167: ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 1437c95ab2a28b138d4521653583729f61ccb48b, 1d3ad183943b38eec2acf72a0ae98e635dc8456b, 1f5ccd22ff482639133f2a0fe08f6d19d0e68717; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1437c95ab2a28b138d4521653583729f61ccb48b, 1d3ad183943b38eec2acf72a0ae98e635dc8456b, 1f5ccd22ff482639133f2a0fe08f6d19d0e68717; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: detect invalid INLINE_DATA + EXTENTS flag combination syzbot reported a BUG_ON in ext4_es_cache_extent() when opening a verity file on a corrupted ext4 filesystem mounted without a journal. The issue is that the filesystem has an inode with both the INLINE_DATA and EXTENTS flags set: EXT4-fs error (device loop0): ext4_cache_extents:545: inode #15: comm syz.0.17: corrupted extent tree: lblk 0 < prev 66 Investigation revealed that the inode has both flags set: DEBUG: inode 15 - flag=1, i_inline_off=164, has_inline=1, extents_flag=1 This is an invalid combination since an inode should have either: - INLINE_DATA: data stored directly in the inode - EXTENTS: data stored in extent-mapped blocks Having both flags causes ext4_has_inline_data() to return true, skipping extent tree validation in __ext4_iget(). The unvalidated out-of-order extents then trigger a BUG_ON in ext4_es_cache_extent() due to integer underflow when calculating hole sizes. Fix this by detecting this invalid flag combination early in ext4_iget() and rejecting the corrupted inode.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Nov 12, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 5th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • No public exploit code on record
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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.8affected
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before 4954d297c91d292630ab43ba4d195dc371ce65d3affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before f061f7c331fc16250fc82aa68964f35821687217affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before 2e9e10657b04152ed0d6ecae8d0c02a3405e28f5affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before 1437c95ab2a28b138d4521653583729f61ccb48baffected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before cb6039b68efa547b676a8a10fc4618d9d1865c23affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before de985264eef64be8a90595908f2e6a87946dad34affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before 1f5ccd22ff482639133f2a0fe08f6d19d0e68717affected · git
    • f19d5870cbf72d4cb2a8e1f749dff97af99b071e and later · before 1d3ad183943b38eec2acf72a0ae98e635dc8456baffected · git
    • before 3.8not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.158-16.1.158-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.57-16.12.57-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.17.6-16.17.6-1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0dtb-aarch64before 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-64kbbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-azurebefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-defaultbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-default-basebefore 6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.66.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-docsbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-qabefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-rtbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-sourcebefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-symsbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-azurebefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-docsbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-obs-qabefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-symsbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2kernel-64kbbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2kernel-defaultbefore 6.12.0-160000.9.16.12.0-160000.9.1

+4

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-40165Nov 12, 2025 · media: nxp: imx8-isi: m2m: Fix streaming cleanup on release
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-40166Nov 12, 2025 · drm/xe/guc: Check GuC running state before deregistering exec queue
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-40168Nov 12, 2025 · smc: Use __sk_dst_get() and dst_dev_rcu() in smc_clc_prfx_match().
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux1437c95ab2a28b138d4521653583729f61ccb48bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux1d3ad183943b38eec2acf72a0ae98e635dc8456bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux1f5ccd22ff482639133f2a0fe08f6d19d0e68717Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux2e9e10657b04152ed0d6ecae8d0c02a3405e28f5Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4954d297c91d292630ab43ba4d195dc371ce65d3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxcb6039b68efa547b676a8a10fc4618d9d1865c23Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxde985264eef64be8a90595908f2e6a87946dad34Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf061f7c331fc16250fc82aa68964f35821687217Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.117.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.158-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-rt6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms6.12.0-160000.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-azure6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.12.0-160000.9.1.160000.2.6 · SUSE:Linux Micro 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-kvmsmall6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-build6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Micro Extras 6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-qa6.12.0-160000.9.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)

+4

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records