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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-40099: cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 37/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.40% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332, 6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9, 8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332, 6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9, 8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058; azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.117.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: cifs: parse_dfs_referrals: prevent oob on malformed input Malicious SMB server can send invalid reply to FSCTL_DFS_GET_REFERRALS - reply smaller than sizeof(struct get_dfs_referral_rsp) - reply with number of referrals smaller than NumberOfReferrals in the header Processing of such replies will cause oob. Return -EINVAL error on such replies to prevent oob-s.

CriticalCVSS 9.4 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 30, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 35th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

37

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
37 / 40 · 9.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
9.4
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.11affected
    • 4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad and later · before cfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657affected · git
    • 4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad and later · before 15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332affected · git
    • 4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad and later · before 8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058affected · git
    • 4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad and later · before bb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039affected · git
    • 4ecce920e13ace16a5ba45efe8909946c28fb2ad and later · before 6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9affected · git
    • before 4.11not affected · semver
    • 6.1.158 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
    • 6.6.114 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
    • 6.12.55 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.158-16.1.158-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.57-16.12.57-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.17.6-16.17.6-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.1.150600.12.42.26.4.0-150600.23.92.1.150600.12.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.92.16.4.0-150600.23.92.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0dtb-aarch64before 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-64kbbefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-azurebefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-defaultbefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-default-basebefore 6.12.0-160000.27.1.160000.2.86.12.0-160000.27.1.160000.2.8
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-docsbefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0kernel-obs-qabefore 6.12.0-160000.27.16.12.0-160000.27.1

+47

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-40097Oct 30, 2025 · ALSA: hda: Fix missing pointer check in hda_component_manager_init function
    0Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-40098Oct 30, 2025 · ALSA: hda: cs35l41: Fix NULL pointer dereference in cs35l41_get_acpi_mute_state()
    0Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-40100Oct 30, 2025 · btrfs: do not assert we found block group item when creating free space tree
    0Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux15c73964da9df994302f579ed14ee5fdbce7a332Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6447b0e355562a1ff748c4a2ffb89aae7e84d2c9Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8bc4a8d39bac23d8b044fd3e2dbfd965f1d9b058Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxbb0f2e66e1ac043a5b238f5bcab4f26f3c317039Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxcfacc7441f760e4a73cc71b6ff1635261d534657Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.112.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.117.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.158-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.92.1.150600.12.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-zfcpdump6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.92.1.150600.12.42.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_211-150600.13.5.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_101-150700.1.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-rt6.4.0-150700.7.34.1 · SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source-rt6.4.0-150700.7.34.1 · SUSE:Real Time Module 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-syms6.4.0-150600.23.92.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)

+2

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records