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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-39973: i40e: add validation for ring_len param

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.15% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0543d40d6513cdf1c7882811086e59a6455dfe97, 05fe81fb9db20464fa532a3835dc8300d68a2f84, 45a7527cd7da4cdcf3b06b5c0cb1cae30b5a5985; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0543d40d6513cdf1c7882811086e59a6455dfe97, 05fe81fb9db20464fa532a3835dc8300d68a2f84, 45a7527cd7da4cdcf3b06b5c0cb1cae30b5a5985; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: add validation for ring_len param The `ring_len` parameter provided by the virtual function (VF) is assigned directly to the hardware memory context (HMC) without any validation. To address this, introduce an upper boundary check for both Tx and Rx queue lengths. The maximum number of descriptors supported by the hardware is 8k-32. Additionally, enforce alignment constraints: Tx rings must be a multiple of 8, and Rx rings must be a multiple of 32.

Published
Oct 15, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 5th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
8.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.12affected
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before 0543d40d6513cdf1c7882811086e59a6455dfe97affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before 7d749e38dd2b7e8a80da2ca30c93e09de95bfcf9affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before 45a7527cd7da4cdcf3b06b5c0cb1cae30b5a5985affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before d3b0d3f8d11fa957171fbb186e53998361a88d4eaffected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before c0c83f4cd074b75cecef107bfc349be7d516c9c4affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before 05fe81fb9db20464fa532a3835dc8300d68a2f84affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before afec12adab55d10708179a64d95d650741e60fe0affected · git
    • 5c3c48ac6bf56367c4e89f6453cd2d61e50375bd and later · before 55d225670def06b01af2e7a5e0446fbe946289e8affected · git
    • before 3.12not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-124.16.1.el10_16.12.0-124.16.1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10kernel-docbefore 6.12.0-124.16.1.el10_16.12.0-124.16.1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:8bpftoolbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernelbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-corebefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-cross-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-develbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-docbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rtbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-corebefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_104.18.0-553.85.1.rt7.426.el8_10

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39971Oct 15, 2025 · i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg
    35Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39972Oct 15, 2025 · i40e: fix idx validation in i40e_validate_queue_map
    35Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-39974Oct 15, 2025 · tracing/osnoise: Fix slab-out-of-bounds in _parse_integer_limit()
    0Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0543d40d6513cdf1c7882811086e59a6455dfe97Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux05fe81fb9db20464fa532a3835dc8300d68a2f84Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux45a7527cd7da4cdcf3b06b5c0cb1cae30b5a5985Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux55d225670def06b01af2e7a5e0446fbe946289e8Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7d749e38dd2b7e8a80da2ca30c93e09de95bfcf9Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxafec12adab55d10708179a64d95d650741e60fe0Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc0c83f4cd074b75cecef107bfc349be7d516c9c4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd3b0d3f8d11fa957171fbb186e53998361a88d4eVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.112.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:bpftool4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-core4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-cross-headers4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-core4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-devel4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules-extra4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-devel4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc4.18.0-553.85.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.158-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:5.14.0-611.8.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+16

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records