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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-39969: i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.15% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a, 5.10.245, 5.15.194; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5a, 5.10.245, 5.15.194; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: fix validation of VF state in get resources VF state I40E_VF_STATE_ACTIVE is not the only state in which VF is actually active so it should not be used to determine if a VF is allowed to obtain resources. Use I40E_VF_STATE_RESOURCES_LOADED that is set only in i40e_vc_get_vf_resources_msg() and cleared during reset.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 15, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 4th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
8.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.16affected
    • 171527da84149c2c7aa6a60a64b09d24f3546298 and later · before 185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5aaffected · git
    • eb87117c27e729b0aeef4d72ed40d6a1761b0f68 and later · before f47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8affected · git
    • 2132643b956f553f5abddc9bae20dae267b082e0 and later · before 8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22affected · git
    • 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 and later · before 6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6aaffected · git
    • 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 and later · before e748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58aaffected · git
    • 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 and later · before 6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7affected · git
    • 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 and later · before a991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1affected · git
    • 61125b8be85dfbc7e9c7fe1cc6c6d631ab603516 and later · before 877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42affected · git
    • 5.4.165 and later · before 5.4.300affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:11linux-6.1before 6.1.158-1~deb11u16.1.158-1~deb11u1
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.158-16.1.158-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.57-16.12.57-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.10-16.16.10-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39968Oct 15, 2025 · i40e: add max boundary check for VF filters
    29Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-39970Oct 15, 2025 · i40e: fix input validation logic for action_meta
    35Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-39971Oct 15, 2025 · i40e: fix idx validation in config queues msg
    35Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux185745d56ec958bf8aa773828213237dfcc32f5aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.10.245Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.15.194Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.4.300Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6128bbc7adc25c87c2f64b5eb66a280b78ef7ab7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6c3981fd59ef11a75005ac9978f034da5a168b6aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux877b7e6ffc23766448236e8732254534c518ba42Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8e35c80f8570426fe0f0cc92b151ebd835975f22Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxa991dc56d3e9a2c3db87d0c3f03c24f6595400f1Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe748f1ee493f88e38b77363a60499f979d42c58aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf47876788a23de296c42ef9d505b5c1630f0b4b8Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.112.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.158-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.16.1.158-1~deb11u1 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records