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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-39813: ftrace: Fix potential warning in trace_printk_seq during ftrace_dump

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.12% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 28c8fb7ae2ad27d81c8de3c4fe608c509f6a18aa, 4013aef2ced9b756a410f50d12df9ebe6a883e4a, 5ab0ec206deb99eb3baf8f1d7602aeaa91dbcc85; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 28c8fb7ae2ad27d81c8de3c4fe608c509f6a18aa, 4013aef2ced9b756a410f50d12df9ebe6a883e4a, 5ab0ec206deb99eb3baf8f1d7602aeaa91dbcc85; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ftrace: Fix potential warning in trace_printk_seq during ftrace_dump When calling ftrace_dump_one() concurrently with reading trace_pipe, a WARN_ON_ONCE() in trace_printk_seq() can be triggered due to a race condition. The issue occurs because: CPU0 (ftrace_dump) CPU1 (reader) echo z > /proc/sysrq-trigger !trace_empty(&iter) trace_iterator_reset(&iter) <- len = size = 0 cat /sys/kernel/tracing/trace_pipe trace_find_next_entry_inc(&iter) __find_next_entry ring_buffer_empty_cpu <- all empty return NULL trace_printk_seq(&iter.seq) WARN_ON_ONCE(s->seq.len >= s->seq.size) In the context between trace_empty() and trace_find_next_entry_inc() during ftrace_dump, the ring buffer data was consumed by other readers. This caused trace_find_next_entry_inc to return NULL, failing to populate `iter.seq`. At this point, due to the prior trace_iterator_reset, both `iter.seq.len` and `iter.seq.size` were set to 0. Since they are equal, the WARN_ON_ONCE condition is triggered. Move the trace_printk_seq() into the if block that checks to make sure the return value of trace_find_next_entry_inc() is non-NULL in ftrace_dump_one(), ensuring the 'iter.seq' is properly populated before subsequent operations.

MediumCVSS 4.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 16, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 1th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
18 / 40 · 4.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.242
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.191
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.150
  • linux linux kernel2.6.28 and later · before 5.4.298
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.45
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.16.5
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.104
  • linux linux kernel6.17

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 2.6.28affected
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before f299353e7ccbcc5c2ed8993c48fbe7609cbe729aaffected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before 5ab0ec206deb99eb3baf8f1d7602aeaa91dbcc85affected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before a6f0f8873cc30fd4543b09adf03f7f51d293f0e6affected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before e80ff23ba8bdb0f41a1afe2657078e4097d13a9aaffected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before 28c8fb7ae2ad27d81c8de3c4fe608c509f6a18aaaffected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before ced94e137e6cd5e79c65564841d3b7695d0f5fa3affected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before fbd4cf7ee4db65ef36796769fe978e9eba6f0de4affected · git
    • d769041f865330034131525ee6a7f72eb4af2a24 and later · before 4013aef2ced9b756a410f50d12df9ebe6a883e4aaffected · git
    • before 2.6.28not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.153-16.1.153-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.48-16.12.48-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.5-16.16.5-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.1.150600.12.40.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1.150600.12.40.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.87.16.4.0-150600.23.87.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_20before 1-150600.13.3.11-150600.13.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_9before 1-150700.15.3.11-150700.15.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_9before 1-150700.1.3.21-150700.1.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150700.53.31.16.4.0-150700.53.31.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150700.53.31.16.4.0-150700.53.31.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150700.53.31.1.150700.17.21.16.4.0-150700.53.31.1.150700.17.21.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150700.53.31.16.4.0-150700.53.31.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150700.53.31.16.4.0-150700.53.31.1

+16

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39811Sep 16, 2025 · drm/xe/vm: Clear the scratch_pt pointer on error
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-39812Sep 16, 2025 · sctp: initialize more fields in sctp_v6_from_sk()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-39814Sep 16, 2025 · ice: fix NULL pointer dereference in ice_unplug_aux_dev() on reset
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux28c8fb7ae2ad27d81c8de3c4fe608c509f6a18aaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4013aef2ced9b756a410f50d12df9ebe6a883e4aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5ab0ec206deb99eb3baf8f1d7602aeaa91dbcc85Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxa6f0f8873cc30fd4543b09adf03f7f51d293f0e6Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxced94e137e6cd5e79c65564841d3b7695d0f5fa3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe80ff23ba8bdb0f41a1afe2657078e4097d13a9aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf299353e7ccbcc5c2ed8993c48fbe7609cbe729aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxfbd4cf7ee4db65ef36796769fe978e9eba6f0de4Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.104.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.200.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.153-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.87.1.150600.12.40.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-zfcpdump6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150700.53.31.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150700.20.27.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.87.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150700.53.31.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.87.1.150600.12.40.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150700.53.31.1.150700.17.21.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

+13

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-362 · Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (10 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records