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CVE-2025-39780· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

sched/ext: Fix invalid task state transitions on class switch

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.15% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 6a32cbe95029ebe21cc08349fd7ef2a3d32d2043, 786f6314604b34c3e7de5f733f4e08e35c448a50, ddf7233fcab6c247379d0928d46cc316ee122229.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.8, NVD 5.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 6a32cbe95029ebe21cc08349fd7ef2a3d32d2043, 786f6314604b34c3e7de5f733f4e08e35c448a50, ddf7233fcab6c247379d0928d46cc316ee122229 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched/ext: Fix invalid task state transitions on class switch When enabling a sched_ext scheduler, we may trigger invalid task state transitions, resulting in warnings like the following (which can be easily reproduced by running the hotplug selftest in a loop): sched_ext: Invalid task state transition 0 -> 3 for fish[770] WARNING: CPU: 18 PID: 787 at kernel/sched/ext.c:3862 scx_set_task_state+0x7c/0xc0 ... RIP: 0010:scx_set_task_state+0x7c/0xc0 ... Call Trace: <TASK> scx_enable_task+0x11f/0x2e0 switching_to_scx+0x24/0x110 scx_enable.isra.0+0xd14/0x13d0 bpf_struct_ops_link_create+0x136/0x1a0 __sys_bpf+0x1edd/0x2c30 __x64_sys_bpf+0x21/0x30 do_syscall_64+0xbb/0x370 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f This happens because we skip initialization for tasks that are already dead (with their usage counter set to zero), but we don't exclude them during the scheduling class transition phase. Fix this by also skipping dead tasks during class swiching, preventing invalid task state transitions.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 11, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 4th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
7.8
2.3 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel6.12 and later · before 6.12.44
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.16.4
  • linux linux kernel6.17

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 6.12affected
    • a8532fac7b5d27b8d62008a89593dccb6f9786ef and later · before 786f6314604b34c3e7de5f733f4e08e35c448a50affected · git
    • a8532fac7b5d27b8d62008a89593dccb6f9786ef and later · before 6a32cbe95029ebe21cc08349fd7ef2a3d32d2043affected · git
    • a8532fac7b5d27b8d62008a89593dccb6f9786ef and later · before ddf7233fcab6c247379d0928d46cc316ee122229affected · git
    • before 6.12not affected · semver
    • 6.12.44 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
    • 6.16.4 and later · up to and including 6.16.*not affected · semver
    • 6.17 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.48-16.12.48-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.5-16.16.5-1

Same product

linux: all records

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  • CVE-2019-13272In the Linux kernel before 5.1.17, ptrace_link in kernel/ptrace.c mishandles the recording of the credentials of a process that wants to creKEV
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Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux6a32cbe95029ebe21cc08349fd7ef2a3d32d2043Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux786f6314604b34c3e7de5f733f4e08e35c448a50Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxddf7233fcab6c247379d0928d46cc316ee122229Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.12.48-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records