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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38701: ext4: do not BUG when INLINE_DATA_FL lacks system.data xattr

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 099b847ccc6c1ad2f805d13cfbcc83f5b6d4bc42, 1199a6399895f4767f0b9a68a6ff47c3f799b7c7, 279c87ef7b9da34f65c2e4db586e730b667a6fb9; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 099b847ccc6c1ad2f805d13cfbcc83f5b6d4bc42, 1199a6399895f4767f0b9a68a6ff47c3f799b7c7, 279c87ef7b9da34f65c2e4db586e730b667a6fb9; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: do not BUG when INLINE_DATA_FL lacks system.data xattr A syzbot fuzzed image triggered a BUG_ON in ext4_update_inline_data() when an inode had the INLINE_DATA_FL flag set but was missing the system.data extended attribute. Since this can happen due to a maiciouly fuzzed file system, we shouldn't BUG, but rather, report it as a corrupted file system. Add similar replacements of BUG_ON with EXT4_ERROR_INODE() ii ext4_create_inline_data() and ext4_inline_data_truncate().

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 4, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.241
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.190
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.149
  • linux linux kernel3.8 and later · before 5.4.297
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.43
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.11
  • linux linux kernel6.16 and later · before 6.16.2
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.103

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.8affected
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 8085a7324d8ec448c4a764af7853e19bbd64e17aaffected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 1199a6399895f4767f0b9a68a6ff47c3f799b7c7affected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 7f322c12df7aeed1755acd3c6fab48c7807795fbaffected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 2817ac83cb4732597bf36853fe13ca616f4ee4e2affected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before d960f4b793912f35e9d72bd9d1e90553063fcbf1affected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 81e7e2e7ba07e7c8cdce43ccad2f91adbc5a919caffected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 279c87ef7b9da34f65c2e4db586e730b667a6fb9affected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 8a6f89d42e61788605722dd9faf98797c958a7e5affected · git
    • 67cf5b09a46f72e048501b84996f2f77bc42e947 and later · before 099b847ccc6c1ad2f805d13cfbcc83f5b6d4bc42affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.153-16.1.153-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.43-16.12.43-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38699Sep 4, 2025 · scsi: bfa: Double-free fix
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38700Sep 4, 2025 · scsi: libiscsi: Initialize iscsi_conn->dd_data only if memory is allocated
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38702Sep 4, 2025 · fbdev: fix potential buffer overflow in do_register_framebuffer()
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux099b847ccc6c1ad2f805d13cfbcc83f5b6d4bc42Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux1199a6399895f4767f0b9a68a6ff47c3f799b7c7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux279c87ef7b9da34f65c2e4db586e730b667a6fb9Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux2817ac83cb4732597bf36853fe13ca616f4ee4e2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7f322c12df7aeed1755acd3c6fab48c7807795fbVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8085a7324d8ec448c4a764af7853e19bbd64e17aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux81e7e2e7ba07e7c8cdce43ccad2f91adbc5a919cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8a6f89d42e61788605722dd9faf98797c958a7e5Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd960f4b793912f35e9d72bd9d1e90553063fcbf1Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.104.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.200.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.153-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-31739239 days apartcrypto: tegra - Add missing CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-52952293 days apartiommu: Fix WARN_ON in __iommu_group_set_domain_nofail() due to reset
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2025-3980311 days apartscsi: ufs: core: Remove WARN_ON_ONCE() call from ufshcd_uic_cmd_compl()
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31398211 days apartmm/rmap: fix incorrect pte restoration for lazyfree folios
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2026-46117266 days apartRDMA/mana: Remove user triggerable WARN_ON() in mana_ib_create_qp_rss()
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-52621527 days apartbpf: Check rcu_read_lock_trace_held() before calling bpf map helpers
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-617 · Reachable Assertion

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (12 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records