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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38688: iommufd: Prevent ALIGN() overflow

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 79fad1917802c28de51a479318a056a6fbe3e2f2, b42497e3c0e74db061eafad41c0cd7243c46436b, d19b817540c0abe84854a64ee9ee34cecc3bbeef.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 79fad1917802c28de51a479318a056a6fbe3e2f2, b42497e3c0e74db061eafad41c0cd7243c46436b, d19b817540c0abe84854a64ee9ee34cecc3bbeef or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommufd: Prevent ALIGN() overflow When allocating IOVA the candidate range gets aligned to the target alignment. If the range is close to ULONG_MAX then the ALIGN() can wrap resulting in a corrupted iova. Open code the ALIGN() using get_add_overflow() to prevent this. This simplifies the checks as we don't need to check for length earlier either. Consolidate the two copies of this code under a single helper. This bug would allow userspace to create a mapping that overlaps with some other mapping or a reserved range.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 4, 2025
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
8.8
1.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-38688

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.103
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.43
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.11
  • linux linux kernel6.16 and later · before 6.16.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 6.2affected
    • 51fe6141f0f64ae0bbc096a41a07572273e8c0ef and later · before d19b817540c0abe84854a64ee9ee34cecc3bbeefaffected · git
    • 51fe6141f0f64ae0bbc096a41a07572273e8c0ef and later · before ebb6021560b94649bec6b8faba6fe0dca2218e81affected · git
    • 51fe6141f0f64ae0bbc096a41a07572273e8c0ef and later · before e42a046bb41dcdde4f766a17d8211842007ed537affected · git
    • 51fe6141f0f64ae0bbc096a41a07572273e8c0ef and later · before 79fad1917802c28de51a479318a056a6fbe3e2f2affected · git
    • 51fe6141f0f64ae0bbc096a41a07572273e8c0ef and later · before b42497e3c0e74db061eafad41c0cd7243c46436baffected · git
    • before 6.2not affected · semver
    • 6.6.103 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
    • 6.12.43 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
    • 6.15.11 and later · up to and including 6.15.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.43-16.12.43-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38686Sep 4, 2025 · userfaultfd: fix a crash in UFFDIO_MOVE when PMD is a migration entry
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38687Sep 4, 2025 · comedi: fix race between polling and detaching
    18Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38689Sep 4, 2025 · x86/fpu: Fix NULL dereference in avx512_status()
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux79fad1917802c28de51a479318a056a6fbe3e2f2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxb42497e3c0e74db061eafad41c0cd7243c46436bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd19b817540c0abe84854a64ee9ee34cecc3bbeefVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe42a046bb41dcdde4f766a17d8211842007ed537Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxebb6021560b94649bec6b8faba6fe0dca2218e81Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.12.43-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records