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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38663: nilfs2: reject invalid file types when reading inodes

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 1a5c204e175a78556b8ef1f7683249fa5197295a, 2cf0c4130bf340be3935d097a3dcbfefdcf65815, 42cd46b3a8b1497b9258dc7ac445dbd6beb73e2f; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1a5c204e175a78556b8ef1f7683249fa5197295a, 2cf0c4130bf340be3935d097a3dcbfefdcf65815, 42cd46b3a8b1497b9258dc7ac445dbd6beb73e2f; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: reject invalid file types when reading inodes To prevent inodes with invalid file types from tripping through the vfs and causing malfunctions or assertion failures, add a missing sanity check when reading an inode from a block device. If the file type is not valid, treat it as a filesystem error.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 22, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.241
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.190
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.148
  • linux linux kernel2.6.30 and later · before 5.4.297
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.41
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.9
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.101
  • linux linux kernel6.16

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 2.6.30affected
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before dd298c0b889acd3ecaf48b6e840c9ab91882e342affected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 2cf0c4130bf340be3935d097a3dcbfefdcf65815affected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 98872a934ea6a95985fb6a3655a78a5f0c114e82affected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 1a5c204e175a78556b8ef1f7683249fa5197295aaffected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before bf585ee198bba4ff25b0d80a0891df4656cb0d08affected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 79663a15a1c70ca84f86f2dbba07b423fe7d5d4faffected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 42cd46b3a8b1497b9258dc7ac445dbd6beb73e2faffected · git
    • 05fe58fdc10df9ebea04c0eaed57adc47af5c184 and later · before 4aead50caf67e01020c8be1945c3201e8a972a27affected · git
    • before 2.6.30not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.148-16.1.148-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.41-16.12.41-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38661Aug 22, 2025 · platform/x86: alienware-wmi-wmax: Fix `dmi_system_id` array
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38662Aug 22, 2025 · ASoC: mediatek: mt8365-dai-i2s: pass correct size to mt8365_dai_set_priv
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38666Aug 22, 2025 · net: appletalk: Fix use-after-free in AARP proxy probe
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux1a5c204e175a78556b8ef1f7683249fa5197295aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux2cf0c4130bf340be3935d097a3dcbfefdcf65815Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux42cd46b3a8b1497b9258dc7ac445dbd6beb73e2fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4aead50caf67e01020c8be1945c3201e8a972a27Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux79663a15a1c70ca84f86f2dbba07b423fe7d5d4fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux98872a934ea6a95985fb6a3655a78a5f0c114e82Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxbf585ee198bba4ff25b0d80a0891df4656cb0d08Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxdd298c0b889acd3ecaf48b6e840c9ab91882e342Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.104.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.148-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records