CVE-2025-38560: x86/sev: Evict cache lines during SNP memory validation
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 1fb873971e23c35c53823c62809a474a92bc3022, 1fec416c03d0a64cc21aa04ce4aa14254b017e6a, 7b306dfa326f70114312b320d083b21fa9481e1e; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1.
- Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 9.3, NVD 5.5.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1fb873971e23c35c53823c62809a474a92bc3022, 1fec416c03d0a64cc21aa04ce4aa14254b017e6a, 7b306dfa326f70114312b320d083b21fa9481e1e; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/sev: Evict cache lines during SNP memory validation An SNP cache coherency vulnerability requires a cache line eviction mitigation when validating memory after a page state change to private. The specific mitigation is to touch the first and last byte of each 4K page that is being validated. There is no need to perform the mitigation when performing a page state change to shared and rescinding validation. CPUID bit Fn8000001F_EBX[31] defines the COHERENCY_SFW_NO CPUID bit that, when set, indicates that the software mitigation for this vulnerability is not needed. Implement the mitigation and invoke it when validating memory (making it private) and the COHERENCY_SFW_NO bit is not set, indicating the SNP guest is vulnerable.
- Published
- Aug 19, 2025
- Updated
- Oct 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.1% · 8th percentile
- CWE
- —
Report tools
Action score
22
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.1%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 5.5
- CNA · Linux
- 9.3
- 3.8 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 5.19affected
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before 1fec416c03d0a64cc21aa04ce4aa14254b017e6aaffected · git
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before 1fb873971e23c35c53823c62809a474a92bc3022affected · git
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before aed15fc08f15dbb15822b2a0b653f67e76aa0fdfaffected · git
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before a762a4c8d9e768b538b3cc60615361a8cf377de8affected · git
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before f92af52e6dbd8d066d77beba451e0230482dc45baffected · git
- 4f9c403e44e5e88feb27d5e617d1adc9cc7ef684 and later · before 7b306dfa326f70114312b320d083b21fa9481e1eaffected · git
- before 5.19not affected · semver
- 6.1.148 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
- 6.6.102 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (7)
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- debian debian linux11.0
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.102
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.42
- linux linux kernel5.19 and later · before 6.1.148
- linux linux kernel6.16 and later · before 6.16.1
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.10
- linux linux kernel6.17
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.148-1 | 6.1.148-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.12.43-1 | 6.12.43-1 |
| Debian:14 | linux | before 6.16.3-1 | 6.16.3-1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | kernel-64kb | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | kernel-docs | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | kernel-obs-build | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | kernel-source | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | kernel-syms | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | kernel-default | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | kernel-default-base | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1.150400.24.90.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1.150400.24.90.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | kernel-rt | before 5.14.21-150400.15.130.1 | 5.14.21-150400.15.130.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | kernel-source-rt | before 5.14.21-150400.15.130.1 | 5.14.21-150400.15.130.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-rt | before 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 | 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | kernel-source-rt | before 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 | 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | kernel-zfcpdump | before 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 |
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-38557Aug 19, 2025 · HID: apple: validate feature-report field count to prevent NULL pointer dereference22Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-38559Aug 19, 2025 · platform/x86/intel/pmt: fix a crashlog NULL pointer access22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-38563Aug 19, 2025 · perf/core: Prevent VMA split of buffer mappings31Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 1fb873971e23c35c53823c62809a474a92bc3022 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 1fec416c03d0a64cc21aa04ce4aa14254b017e6a | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 7b306dfa326f70114312b320d083b21fa9481e1e | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | a762a4c8d9e768b538b3cc60615361a8cf377de8 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | aed15fc08f15dbb15822b2a0b653f67e76aa0fdf | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | f92af52e6dbd8d066d77beba451e0230482dc45b | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.104.2-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.148-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1.150400.24.90.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-build | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-rt | 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source-rt | 5.14.21-150500.13.106.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-syms | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-zfcpdump | 5.14.21-150400.24.176.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
—
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log (2)
- SSVC exploitation— → none
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (6 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/1fec416c03d0a64cc21aa04ce4aa14254b017e6a
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b306dfa326f70114312b320d083b21fa9481e1e
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/a762a4c8d9e768b538b3cc60615361a8cf377de8
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/aed15fc08f15dbb15822b2a0b653f67e76aa0fdf
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f92af52e6dbd8d066d77beba451e0230482dc45b
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.