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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38502: bpf: Fix oob access in cgroup local storage

HighCVSS 7.1 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 19341d5c59e8c7e8528e40f8663e99d67810473c, 41688d1fc5d163a6c2c0e95c0419e2cb31a44648, 66da7cee78590259b400e51a70622ccd41da7bb2; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 19341d5c59e8c7e8528e40f8663e99d67810473c, 41688d1fc5d163a6c2c0e95c0419e2cb31a44648, 66da7cee78590259b400e51a70622ccd41da7bb2; azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.112.1-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix oob access in cgroup local storage Lonial reported that an out-of-bounds access in cgroup local storage can be crafted via tail calls. Given two programs each utilizing a cgroup local storage with a different value size, and one program doing a tail call into the other. The verifier will validate each of the indivial programs just fine. However, in the runtime context the bpf_cg_run_ctx holds an bpf_prog_array_item which contains the BPF program as well as any cgroup local storage flavor the program uses. Helpers such as bpf_get_local_storage() pick this up from the runtime context: ctx = container_of(current->bpf_ctx, struct bpf_cg_run_ctx, run_ctx); storage = ctx->prog_item->cgroup_storage[stype]; if (stype == BPF_CGROUP_STORAGE_SHARED) ptr = &READ_ONCE(storage->buf)->data[0]; else ptr = this_cpu_ptr(storage->percpu_buf); For the second program which was called from the originally attached one, this means bpf_get_local_storage() will pick up the former program's map, not its own. With mismatching sizes, this can result in an unintended out-of-bounds access. To fix this issue, we need to extend bpf_map_owner with an array of storage_cookie[] to match on i) the exact maps from the original program if the second program was using bpf_get_local_storage(), or ii) allow the tail call combination if the second program was not using any of the cgroup local storage maps.

Published
Aug 16, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 8th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.1
CNA · Linux
7.8
0.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux
siemenssimatic cn 4100 firmware
siemenssimatic cn 4100

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.9affected
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before c1c74584b9b4043c52e41fec415226e582d266a3affected · git
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before 66da7cee78590259b400e51a70622ccd41da7bb2affected · git
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before 7acfa07c585e3d7a64654d38f0a5c762877d0b9baffected · git
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before 41688d1fc5d163a6c2c0e95c0419e2cb31a44648affected · git
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before 19341d5c59e8c7e8528e40f8663e99d67810473caffected · git
    • 7d9c3427894fe70d1347b4820476bf37736d2ff0 and later · before abad3d0bad72a52137e0c350c59542d75ae4f513affected · git
    • before 5.9not affected · semver
    • 5.15.192 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver
    • 6.1.151 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (7)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.151
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.105
  • linux linux kernel5.9 and later · before 5.15.192
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.16.1
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.46
  • siemens simatic cn 4100 firmwarebefore 5.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.153-16.1.153-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.48-16.12.48-1
Debian:14linuxbefore 6.16.3-16.16.3-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38550Aug 16, 2025 · ipv6: mcast: Delay put pmc->idev in mld_del_delrec()
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38551Aug 16, 2025 · virtio-net: fix recursived rtnl_lock() during probe()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-32246Aug 16, 2025 · ksmbd: call rcu_barrier() in ksmbd_server_exit()
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux19341d5c59e8c7e8528e40f8663e99d67810473cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux41688d1fc5d163a6c2c0e95c0419e2cb31a44648Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux66da7cee78590259b400e51a70622ccd41da7bb2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7acfa07c585e3d7a64654d38f0a5c762877d0b9bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxabad3d0bad72a52137e0c350c59542d75ae4f513Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc1c74584b9b4043c52e41fec415226e582d266a3Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.104.2-4 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.112.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.200.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.153-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:22026-09-11

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+391 d
  3. TodayNov 13, 2026+454 d

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records