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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38461: vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.14% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a, 687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf, 7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.0, NVD 4.7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a, 687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf, 7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.104.2-1; cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 5.15.200.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU Transport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport from becoming a stale pointer. This also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport(); add a lockdep assert. BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN RIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600 Call Trace: vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40 __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100 __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

MediumCVSS 4.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 25, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 3th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
18 / 40 · 4.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
4.7
CNA · Linux
7.0
2.3 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.189
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.146
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.99
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.240
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.7
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.39
  • linux linux kernel6.16

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.5affected
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88ebaffected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21aaffected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bfaffected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6eaffected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5affected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477affected · git
    • c0cfa2d8a788fcf45df5bf4070ab2474c88d543a and later · before 687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdfaffected · git
    • before 5.5not affected · semver
    • 5.10.240 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_06.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10kernel-docbefore 6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_06.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:8bpftoolbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernelbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-corebefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-cross-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-develbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-docbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rtbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-corebefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_104.18.0-553.76.1.rt7.417.el8_10

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38458Jul 25, 2025 · atm: clip: Fix NULL pointer dereference in vcc_sendmsg()
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38459Jul 25, 2025 · atm: clip: Fix infinite recursive call of clip_push().
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38462Jul 25, 2025 · vsock: Fix transport_{g2h,h2g} TOCTOU
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdfVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88ebVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bfVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6eVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.104.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.200.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra5.14.0-570.39.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.147-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:6.12.0-55.30.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)

+6

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-383523 days apartposix-cpu-timers: fix race between handle_posix_cpu_timers() and posix_cpu_timer_del()KEV
    61This week
  • CVE-2026-64091359 days apartbatman-adv: tt: fix TOCTOU race for reported vlans
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-64034359 days apartnet: mana: Fix TOCTOU double-fetch of hwc_msg_id from DMA buffer
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63937359 days apartKVM: SEV: Use READ_ONCE() when reading entries/indices from PSC buffer
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63867359 days apartmptcp: close TOCTOU race while computing rcv_wnd
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31678274 days apartopenvswitch: defer tunnel netdev_put to RCU release
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-367 · Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records