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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38146: net: openvswitch: Fix the dead loop of MPLS parse

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.48% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0bdc924bfb319fb10d1113cbf091fc26fb7b1f99, 3c1906a3d50cb94fd0a10e97a1c0a40c0f033cb7, 4b9a086eedc1fddae632310386098c12155e3d0a; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0bdc924bfb319fb10d1113cbf091fc26fb7b1f99, 3c1906a3d50cb94fd0a10e97a1c0a40c0f033cb7, 4b9a086eedc1fddae632310386098c12155e3d0a; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: openvswitch: Fix the dead loop of MPLS parse The unexpected MPLS packet may not end with the bottom label stack. When there are many stacks, The label count value has wrapped around. A dead loop occurs, soft lockup/CPU stuck finally. stack backtrace: UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in /build/linux-0Pa0xK/linux-5.15.0/net/openvswitch/flow.c:662:26 index -1 is out of range for type '__be32 [3]' CPU: 34 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/34 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G OE 5.15.0-121-generic #131-Ubuntu Hardware name: Dell Inc. PowerEdge C6420/0JP9TF, BIOS 2.12.2 07/14/2021 Call Trace: <IRQ> show_stack+0x52/0x5c dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x63 dump_stack+0x10/0x16 ubsan_epilogue+0x9/0x36 __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds.cold+0x44/0x49 key_extract_l3l4+0x82a/0x840 [openvswitch] ? kfree_skbmem+0x52/0xa0 key_extract+0x9c/0x2b0 [openvswitch] ovs_flow_key_extract+0x124/0x350 [openvswitch] ovs_vport_receive+0x61/0xd0 [openvswitch] ? kernel_init_free_pages.part.0+0x4a/0x70 ? get_page_from_freelist+0x353/0x540 netdev_port_receive+0xc4/0x180 [openvswitch] ? netdev_port_receive+0x180/0x180 [openvswitch] netdev_frame_hook+0x1f/0x40 [openvswitch] __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0x23a/0xf00 __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0xfa/0x240 netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x18e/0x2a0 napi_complete_done+0x7a/0x1c0 bnxt_poll+0x155/0x1c0 [bnxt_en] __napi_poll+0x30/0x180 net_rx_action+0x126/0x280 ? bnxt_msix+0x67/0x80 [bnxt_en] handle_softirqs+0xda/0x2d0 irq_exit_rcu+0x96/0xc0 common_interrupt+0x8e/0xa0 </IRQ>

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 3, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 42th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
9.4
1.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.186
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.142
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.239
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.34
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.3
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.94

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.5affected
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before 4b9a086eedc1fddae632310386098c12155e3d0aaffected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before ad17eb86d042d72a59fd184ad1adf34f5eb36843affected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before f26fe7c3002516dd3c288f1012786df31f4d89e0affected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before 8ebcd311b4866ab911d1445ead08690e67f0c488affected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before 69541e58323ec3e3904e1fa87a6213961b1f52f4affected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before 3c1906a3d50cb94fd0a10e97a1c0a40c0f033cb7affected · git
    • fbdcdd78da7c95f1b970d371e1b23cbd3aa990f3 and later · before 0bdc924bfb319fb10d1113cbf091fc26fb7b1f99affected · git
    • before 5.5not affected · semver
    • 5.10.239 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.147-16.1.147-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.35-16.12.35-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.26.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.52.16.4.0-150600.10.52.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rt_debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.52.16.4.0-150600.10.52.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.52.16.4.0-150600.10.52.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-syms-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.52.16.4.0-150600.10.52.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_15before 1-150600.13.3.21-150600.13.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_15before 1-150600.1.3.11-150600.1.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_4before 1-150700.15.3.21-150700.15.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7-RT_Update_4before 1-150700.1.3.21-150700.1.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.70.16.4.0-150600.23.70.1

+34

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38137Jul 3, 2025 · PCI/pwrctrl: Cancel outstanding rescan work when unregistering
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38140Jul 3, 2025 · dm: limit swapping tables for devices with zone write plugs
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38147Jul 3, 2025 · calipso: Don't call calipso functions for AF_INET sk.
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0bdc924bfb319fb10d1113cbf091fc26fb7b1f99Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3c1906a3d50cb94fd0a10e97a1c0a40c0f033cb7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4b9a086eedc1fddae632310386098c12155e3d0aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux69541e58323ec3e3904e1fa87a6213961b1f52f4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8ebcd311b4866ab911d1445ead08690e67f0c488Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxad17eb86d042d72a59fd184ad1adf34f5eb36843Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf26fe7c3002516dd3c288f1012786df31f4d89e0Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.147-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-rt6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-rt_debug6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source-rt6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms-rt6.4.0-150600.10.52.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150700.53.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.70.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150700.53.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.70.1.150600.12.30.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150700.53.16.1.150700.17.11.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150700.53.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_151-150600.1.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

+7

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2021-47548405 days apartethernet: hisilicon: hns: hns_dsaf_misc: fix a possible array overflow in hns_dsaf_ge_srst_by_port()
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-64018381 days apartnet: mana: validate rx_req_idx to prevent out-of-bounds array access
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-23246258 days apartwifi: mac80211: bounds-check link_id in ieee80211_ml_reconfiguration
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43110307 days apartwifi: brcmfmac: validate bsscfg indices in IF events
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43172307 days apartwifi: iwlwifi: fix 22000 series SMEM parsing
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2025-381981 days apartfbcon: Make sure modelist not set on unregistered console
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-129 · Improper Validation of Array Index

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records