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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-38110: net/mdiobus: Fix potential out-of-bounds clause 45 read/write access

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.19% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 260388f79e94fb3026c419a208ece8358bb7b555, 31bf7b2b92563a352788cf9df3698682f659bacc, 4ded22f7f3ce9714ed72c3e9c68fea1cb9388ae7; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 260388f79e94fb3026c419a208ece8358bb7b555, 31bf7b2b92563a352788cf9df3698682f659bacc, 4ded22f7f3ce9714ed72c3e9c68fea1cb9388ae7; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mdiobus: Fix potential out-of-bounds clause 45 read/write access When using publicly available tools like 'mdio-tools' to read/write data from/to network interface and its PHY via C45 (clause 45) mdiobus, there is no verification of parameters passed to the ioctl and it accepts any mdio address. Currently there is support for 32 addresses in kernel via PHY_MAX_ADDR define, but it is possible to pass higher value than that via ioctl. While read/write operation should generally fail in this case, mdiobus provides stats array, where wrong address may allow out-of-bounds read/write. Fix that by adding address verification before C45 read/write operation. While this excludes this access from any statistics, it improves security of read/write operation.

HighCVSS 7.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 3, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 9th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.1
CNA · Linux
7.8
0.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel6.3 and later · before 6.6.94
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.34
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.3
  • linux linux kernel6.16

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 6.3affected
    • 4e4aafcddbbfcdd6eed5780e190fcbfac8b4685a and later · before abb0605ca00979a49572a6516f6db22c3dc57223affected · git
    • 4e4aafcddbbfcdd6eed5780e190fcbfac8b4685a and later · before 31bf7b2b92563a352788cf9df3698682f659baccaffected · git
    • 4e4aafcddbbfcdd6eed5780e190fcbfac8b4685a and later · before 4ded22f7f3ce9714ed72c3e9c68fea1cb9388ae7affected · git
    • 4e4aafcddbbfcdd6eed5780e190fcbfac8b4685a and later · before 260388f79e94fb3026c419a208ece8358bb7b555affected · git
    • before 6.3not affected · semver
    • 6.6.94 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
    • 6.12.34 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
    • 6.15.3 and later · up to and including 6.15.*not affected · semver
    • 6.16 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-55.24.1.el10_06.12.0-55.24.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10kernel-docbefore 6.12.0-55.24.1.el10_06.12.0-55.24.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:9kernelbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64kbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debugbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modulesbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modulesbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-cross-headersbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debugbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38107Jul 3, 2025 · net_sched: ets: fix a race in ets_qdisc_change()
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-38108Jul 3, 2025 · net_sched: red: fix a race in __red_change()
    28Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-38111Jul 3, 2025 · net/mdiobus: Fix potential out-of-bounds read/write access
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux260388f79e94fb3026c419a208ece8358bb7b555Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux31bf7b2b92563a352788cf9df3698682f659baccVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4ded22f7f3ce9714ed72c3e9c68fea1cb9388ae7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxabb0605ca00979a49572a6516f6db22c3dc57223Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists6.12.0-55.24.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc6.12.0-55.24.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.12.35-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
red hat:bpftool-debuginfo0:7.3.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo0:5.14.0-427.77.1.el9_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.4::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+14

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records