CVE-2025-38109: net/mlx5: Fix ECVF vports unload on shutdown flow
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.19% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 24db585d369f949f698e03d7d8017e5ae19d0497, 5953ae44dfe5dbad374318875be834c3b7b71ee6, 687560d8a9a2d654829ad0da1ec24242f1de711d; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 24db585d369f949f698e03d7d8017e5ae19d0497, 5953ae44dfe5dbad374318875be834c3b7b71ee6, 687560d8a9a2d654829ad0da1ec24242f1de711d; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/mlx5: Fix ECVF vports unload on shutdown flow Fix shutdown flow UAF when a virtual function is created on the embedded chip (ECVF) of a BlueField device. In such case the vport acl ingress table is not properly destroyed. ECVF functionality is independent of ecpf_vport_exists capability and thus functions mlx5_eswitch_(enable|disable)_pf_vf_vports() should not test it when enabling/disabling ECVF vports. kernel log: [] refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. [] WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 1 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x124/0x220 ---------------- [] Call trace: [] refcount_warn_saturate+0x124/0x220 [] tree_put_node+0x164/0x1e0 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_destroy_flow_table+0x98/0x2c0 [mlx5_core] [] esw_acl_ingress_table_destroy+0x28/0x40 [mlx5_core] [] esw_acl_ingress_lgcy_cleanup+0x80/0xf4 [mlx5_core] [] esw_legacy_vport_acl_cleanup+0x44/0x60 [mlx5_core] [] esw_vport_cleanup+0x64/0x90 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_esw_vport_disable+0xc0/0x1d0 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_eswitch_unload_ec_vf_vports+0xcc/0x150 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_eswitch_disable_sriov+0x198/0x2a0 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_device_disable_sriov+0xb8/0x1e0 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_sriov_detach+0x40/0x50 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_unload+0x40/0xc4 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_unload_one_devl_locked+0x6c/0xe4 [mlx5_core] [] mlx5_unload_one+0x3c/0x60 [mlx5_core] [] shutdown+0x7c/0xa4 [mlx5_core] [] pci_device_shutdown+0x3c/0xa0 [] device_shutdown+0x170/0x340 [] __do_sys_reboot+0x1f4/0x2a0 [] __arm64_sys_reboot+0x2c/0x40 [] invoke_syscall+0x78/0x100 [] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x54/0x184 [] do_el0_svc+0x30/0xac [] el0_svc+0x48/0x160 [] el0t_64_sync_handler+0xa4/0x12c [] el0t_64_sync+0x1a4/0x1a8 [] --[ end trace 9c4601d68c70030e ]---
- BDU:2025-10775
- ALSA-2026:6570
- ALSA-2026:6632
- RHSA-2026:6570
- RHSA-2026:6632
- RLSA-2026:6570
- RLSA-2026:6632
- SUSE-SU-2025:03315-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03317-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03319-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03321-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03341-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03343-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03406-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03408-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03410-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03412-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03418-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:03419-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:20722-1
- Published
- Jul 3, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.1% · 9th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
31
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.1%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 6.5affected
- a7719b29a82199b90ebbf355d3332e0fbfbf6045 and later · before 5953ae44dfe5dbad374318875be834c3b7b71ee6affected · git
- a7719b29a82199b90ebbf355d3332e0fbfbf6045 and later · before da15ca0553325acf68039015f2f4db750c8e2b96affected · git
- a7719b29a82199b90ebbf355d3332e0fbfbf6045 and later · before 24db585d369f949f698e03d7d8017e5ae19d0497affected · git
- a7719b29a82199b90ebbf355d3332e0fbfbf6045 and later · before 687560d8a9a2d654829ad0da1ec24242f1de711daffected · git
- before 6.5not affected · semver
- 6.6.94 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
- 6.12.34 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
- 6.15.3 and later · up to and including 6.15.*not affected · semver
- 6.16 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix
Affected versions · NVD (4)
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel6.5 and later · before 6.6.94
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.34
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.15.3
- linux linux kernel6.16
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 6.12.0-124.49.1.el10_1 | 6.12.0-124.49.1.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-doc | before 6.12.0-124.49.1.el10_1 | 6.12.0-124.49.1.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-cross-headers | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-core | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-38101Jul 3, 2025 · ring-buffer: Fix buffer locking in ring_buffer_subbuf_order_set()31Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-38106Jul 3, 2025 · io_uring: fix use-after-free of sq->thread in __io_uring_show_fdinfo()31Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-38114Jul 3, 2025 · e1000: Move cancel_work_sync to avoid deadlock22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 24db585d369f949f698e03d7d8017e5ae19d0497 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5953ae44dfe5dbad374318875be834c3b7b71ee6 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 687560d8a9a2d654829ad0da1ec24242f1de711d | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | da15ca0553325acf68039015f2f4db750c8e2b96 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:kernel | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-core | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-devel | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux | 6.12.35-1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | 0:5.14.0-611.47.1.el9_7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
+13
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);
/* ... another thread is still running ... */
process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);
free(dev->buf);
dev->buf = NULL;
unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log (1)
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (3 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.