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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-37963: arm64: bpf: Only mitigate cBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.22% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 038866e01ea5e5a3d948898ac216e531e7848669, 477481c4348268136227348984b6699d6370b685, 6e52d043f7dbf1839a24a3fab2b12b0d3839de7a; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 6.6.92.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 038866e01ea5e5a3d948898ac216e531e7848669, 477481c4348268136227348984b6699d6370b685, 6e52d043f7dbf1839a24a3fab2b12b0d3839de7a; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 6.6.92.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: bpf: Only mitigate cBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users Support for eBPF programs loaded by unprivileged users is typically disabled. This means only cBPF programs need to be mitigated for BHB. In addition, only mitigate cBPF programs that were loaded by an unprivileged user. Privileged users can also load the same program via eBPF, making the mitigation pointless.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 20, 2025
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 13th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-37963

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.186
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.139
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.91
  • linux linux kernelbefore 5.10.239
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.14.7
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.29
  • linux linux kernel6.15

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.7affected
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before 038866e01ea5e5a3d948898ac216e531e7848669affected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before df53d418709205450a02bb4d71cbfb4ff86f2c1eaffected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before 6e52d043f7dbf1839a24a3fab2b12b0d3839de7aaffected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before 80251f62028f1ab2e09be5ca3123f84e8b00389aaffected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before e5f5100f1c64ac6c72671b2cf6b46542fce93706affected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before 477481c4348268136227348984b6699d6370b685affected · git
    • 0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 and later · before f300769ead032513a68e4a02e806393402e626f8affected · git
    • before 3.7not affected · semver
    • 5.10.239 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.140-16.1.140-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.29-16.12.29-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37960May 20, 2025 · memblock: Accept allocated memory before use in memblock_double_array()
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37961May 20, 2025 · ipvs: fix uninit-value for saddr in do_output_route4
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-37964May 20, 2025 · x86/mm: Eliminate window where TLB flushes may be inadvertently skipped
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux038866e01ea5e5a3d948898ac216e531e7848669Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux477481c4348268136227348984b6699d6370b685Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6e52d043f7dbf1839a24a3fab2b12b0d3839de7aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux80251f62028f1ab2e09be5ca3123f84e8b00389aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxdf53d418709205450a02bb4d71cbfb4ff86f2c1eVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe5f5100f1c64ac6c72671b2cf6b46542fce93706Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf300769ead032513a68e4a02e806393402e626f8Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
Azure Linux 3.0 ARM6.6.92.2-1 · kernelMicrosoft (MSRC)
Azure Linux 3.0 x646.6.92.2-1 · kernelMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.140-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records