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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-37958: mm/huge_memory: fix dereferencing invalid pmd migration entry

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.22% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 22f6368768340260e862f35151d2e1c55cb1dc75, 3977946f61cdba87b6b5aaf7d7094e96089583a5, 6166c3cf405441f7147b322980144feb3cefc617; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 22f6368768340260e862f35151d2e1c55cb1dc75, 3977946f61cdba87b6b5aaf7d7094e96089583a5, 6166c3cf405441f7147b322980144feb3cefc617; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.96.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/huge_memory: fix dereferencing invalid pmd migration entry When migrating a THP, concurrent access to the PMD migration entry during a deferred split scan can lead to an invalid address access, as illustrated below. To prevent this invalid access, it is necessary to check the PMD migration entry and return early. In this context, there is no need to use pmd_to_swp_entry and pfn_swap_entry_to_page to verify the equality of the target folio. Since the PMD migration entry is locked, it cannot be served as the target. Mailing list discussion and explanation from Hugh Dickins: "An anon_vma lookup points to a location which may contain the folio of interest, but might instead contain another folio: and weeding out those other folios is precisely what the "folio != pmd_folio((*pmd)" check (and the "risk of replacing the wrong folio" comment a few lines above it) is for." BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffea60001db008 CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 2199114 Comm: tee Not tainted 6.14.0+ #4 NONE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:split_huge_pmd_locked+0x3b5/0x2b60 Call Trace: <TASK> try_to_migrate_one+0x28c/0x3730 rmap_walk_anon+0x4f6/0x770 unmap_folio+0x196/0x1f0 split_huge_page_to_list_to_order+0x9f6/0x1560 deferred_split_scan+0xac5/0x12a0 shrinker_debugfs_scan_write+0x376/0x470 full_proxy_write+0x15c/0x220 vfs_write+0x2fc/0xcb0 ksys_write+0x146/0x250 do_syscall_64+0x6a/0x120 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e The bug is found by syzkaller on an internal kernel, then confirmed on upstream.

Published
May 20, 2025
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 13th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.14affected
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before 753f142f7ff7d2223a47105b61e1efd91587d711affected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before 9468afbda3fbfcec21ac8132364dff3dab945fafaffected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before ef5706bed97e240b4abf4233ceb03da7336bc775affected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before 22f6368768340260e862f35151d2e1c55cb1dc75affected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before 3977946f61cdba87b6b5aaf7d7094e96089583a5affected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before 6166c3cf405441f7147b322980144feb3cefc617affected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before fbab262b0c8226c697af1851a424896ed47dedccaffected · git
    • 84c3fc4e9c563d8fb91cfdf5948da48fe1af34d3 and later · before be6e843fc51a584672dfd9c4a6a24c8cb81d5fb7affected · git
    • before 4.14not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (9)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.239
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.186
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.142
  • linux linux kernel4.14 and later · before 5.4.295
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.29
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.14.7
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.95
  • linux linux kernel6.15

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_06.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10kernel-docbefore 6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_06.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:9kernelbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64kbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debugbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modulesbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-debug-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modulesbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-64k-modules-extrabefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-cross-headersbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debugbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-corebefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-develbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9kernel-debug-devel-matchedbefore 5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_65.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37956May 20, 2025 · ksmbd: prevent rename with empty string
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37957May 20, 2025 · KVM: SVM: Forcibly leave SMM mode on SHUTDOWN interception
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-37959May 20, 2025 · bpf: Scrub packet on bpf_redirect_peer
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux22f6368768340260e862f35151d2e1c55cb1dc75Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3977946f61cdba87b6b5aaf7d7094e96089583a5Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6166c3cf405441f7147b322980144feb3cefc617Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux753f142f7ff7d2223a47105b61e1efd91587d711Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9468afbda3fbfcec21ac8132364dff3dab945fafVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxbe6e843fc51a584672dfd9c4a6a24c8cb81d5fb7Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxef5706bed97e240b4abf4233ceb03da7336bc775Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxfbab262b0c8226c697af1851a424896ed47dedccVendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.96.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra5.14.0-570.30.1.el9_6 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.147-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux-6.16.1.153-1~deb11u1 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:6.12.0-55.22.1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0Package registry (OSV)

+7

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-476 · NULL Pointer Dereference

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records