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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-37914: net_sched: ets: Fix double list add in class with netem as child qdisc

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.23% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 1a6d0c00fa07972384b0c308c72db091d49988b6, 1f01e9f961605eb397c6ecd1d7b0233dfbf9077c, 24388ba0a1b1b6d4af1b205927ac7f7b119ee4ea; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1a6d0c00fa07972384b0c308c72db091d49988b6, 1f01e9f961605eb397c6ecd1d7b0233dfbf9077c, 24388ba0a1b1b6d4af1b205927ac7f7b119ee4ea; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net_sched: ets: Fix double list add in class with netem as child qdisc As described in Gerrard's report [1], there are use cases where a netem child qdisc will make the parent qdisc's enqueue callback reentrant. In the case of ets, there won't be a UAF, but the code will add the same classifier to the list twice, which will cause memory corruption. In addition to checking for qlen being zero, this patch checks whether the class was already added to the active_list (cl_is_active) before doing the addition to cater for the reentrant case. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAHcdcOm+03OD2j6R0=YHKqmy=VgJ8xEOKuP6c7mSgnp-TEJJbw@mail.gmail.com/

Published
May 20, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 14th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
7.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.6affected
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 24388ba0a1b1b6d4af1b205927ac7f7b119ee4eaaffected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 554acc5a2ea9703e08023eb9a003f9e5a830a502affected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 9efb6a0fa88e0910d079fdfeb4f7ce4d4ac6c990affected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 72c3da7e6ceb74e74ddbb5a305a35c9fdfcac6e3affected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 1f01e9f961605eb397c6ecd1d7b0233dfbf9077caffected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before bc321f714de693aae06e3786f88df2975376d996affected · git
    • dcc68b4d8084e1ac9af0d4022d6b1aff6a139a33 and later · before 1a6d0c00fa07972384b0c308c72db091d49988b6affected · git
    • before 5.6not affected · semver
    • 5.10.238 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (8)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.182
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.138
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.90
  • linux linux kernel5.6 and later · before 5.10.238
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.14.6
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.28
  • linux linux kernel6.15

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-55.29.1.el10_06.12.0-55.29.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10kernel-docbefore 6.12.0-55.29.1.el10_06.12.0-55.29.1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:8bpftoolbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernelbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-corebefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-cross-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-develbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-docbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rtbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-corebefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_104.18.0-553.70.1.rt7.411.el8_10

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37912May 20, 2025 · ice: Check VF VSI Pointer Value in ice_vc_add_fdir_fltr()
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-37913May 20, 2025 · net_sched: qfq: Fix double list add in class with netem as child qdisc
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-37915May 20, 2025 · net_sched: drr: Fix double list add in class with netem as child qdisc
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux1a6d0c00fa07972384b0c308c72db091d49988b6Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux1f01e9f961605eb397c6ecd1d7b0233dfbf9077cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux24388ba0a1b1b6d4af1b205927ac7f7b119ee4eaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux554acc5a2ea9703e08023eb9a003f9e5a830a502Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux72c3da7e6ceb74e74ddbb5a305a35c9fdfcac6e3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9efb6a0fa88e0910d079fdfeb4f7ce4d4ac6c990Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxbc321f714de693aae06e3786f88df2975376d996Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:bpftool4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-core4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-cross-headers4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-core4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-devel4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules-extra4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-devel4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.140-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:bpftool0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:bpftool-debuginfo0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-abi-stablelists0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-core0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-core0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:4.18.0-553.70.1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosPackage registry (OSV)

+5

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-31608339 days apartsmb: server: avoid double-free in smb_direct_free_sendmsg after smb_direct_flush_send_list()
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-31609339 days apartsmb: client: avoid double-free in smbd_free_send_io() after smbd_send_batch_flush()
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43011346 days apartnet/x25: Fix potential double free of skb
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-43414353 days apartscsi: qla2xxx: Completely fix fcport double free
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-52993400 days aparttipc: fix double-free in tipc_buf_append()
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-63888425 days apartscsi: target: iscsi: Fix CRC overread and double-free in iscsit_handle_text_cmd()
    39Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-415 · Double Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records