CVE-2025-37819: irqchip/gic-v2m: Prevent use after free of gicv2m_get_fwnode()
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.22% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 0c241dedc43a036599757cd08f356253fa3e5014, 2f2803e4b5e4df2b08d378deaab78b1681ef9b30, 3318dc299b072a0511d6dfd8367f3304fb6d9827; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0c241dedc43a036599757cd08f356253fa3e5014, 2f2803e4b5e4df2b08d378deaab78b1681ef9b30, 3318dc299b072a0511d6dfd8367f3304fb6d9827; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.92.2-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: irqchip/gic-v2m: Prevent use after free of gicv2m_get_fwnode() With ACPI in place, gicv2m_get_fwnode() is registered with the pci subsystem as pci_msi_get_fwnode_cb(), which may get invoked at runtime during a PCI host bridge probe. But, the call back is wrongly marked as __init, causing it to be freed, while being registered with the PCI subsystem and could trigger: Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff8000816c0400 gicv2m_get_fwnode+0x0/0x58 (P) pci_set_bus_msi_domain+0x74/0x88 pci_register_host_bridge+0x194/0x548 This is easily reproducible on a Juno board with ACPI boot. Retain the function for later use.
- Published
- May 8, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 13th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- debian debian linux11.0
- linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.238
- linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.182
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.138
- linux linux kernel4.5 and later · before 5.4.294
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.26
- linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.14.5
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.89
- linux linux kernel6.15
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 4.5affected
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before 0c241dedc43a036599757cd08f356253fa3e5014affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before b63de43af8d215b0499eac28b2caa4439183efc1affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before f95659affee301464f0d058d528d96b35b452da8affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before dc0d654eb4179b06d3206e4396d072108b9ba082affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before 2f2803e4b5e4df2b08d378deaab78b1681ef9b30affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before 3939d6f29d34cdb60e3f68b76e39e00a964a1d51affected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before 47bee0081b483b077c7560bc5358ad101f89c8efaffected · git
- 0644b3daca28dcb320373ae20069c269c9386304 and later · before 3318dc299b072a0511d6dfd8367f3304fb6d9827affected · git
- before 4.5not affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 | 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | kernel-doc | before 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 | 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-64k-modules-extra | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-cross-headers | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-core | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | kernel-debug-devel-matched | before 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-37817May 8, 2025 · mcb: fix a double free bug in chameleon_parse_gdd()31Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-37818May 8, 2025 · LoongArch: Return NULL from huge_pte_offset() for invalid PMD22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-37821May 8, 2025 · sched/eevdf: Fix se->slice being set to U64_MAX and resulting crash22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 0c241dedc43a036599757cd08f356253fa3e5014 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 2f2803e4b5e4df2b08d378deaab78b1681ef9b30 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3318dc299b072a0511d6dfd8367f3304fb6d9827 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3939d6f29d34cdb60e3f68b76e39e00a964a1d51 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 47bee0081b483b077c7560bc5358ad101f89c8ef | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | b63de43af8d215b0499eac28b2caa4439183efc1 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | dc0d654eb4179b06d3206e4396d072108b9ba082 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | f95659affee301464f0d058d528d96b35b452da8 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.92.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.92.2-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:kernel | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-core | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra | 5.14.0-611.30.1.el9_7 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists | 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-doc | 6.12.0-124.31.1.el10_1 · AlmaLinux:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.140-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux-6.1 | 6.1.140-1~deb11u1 · Debian:11 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-570.81.1.el9_6 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
+7
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);
/* ... another thread is still running ... */
process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);
free(dev->buf);
dev->buf = NULL;
unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (9 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f2803e4b5e4df2b08d378deaab78b1681ef9b30
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/3318dc299b072a0511d6dfd8367f3304fb6d9827
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/3939d6f29d34cdb60e3f68b76e39e00a964a1d51
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/47bee0081b483b077c7560bc5358ad101f89c8ef
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/b63de43af8d215b0499eac28b2caa4439183efc1
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc0d654eb4179b06d3206e4396d072108b9ba082
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f95659affee301464f0d058d528d96b35b452da8
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00010.html
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.