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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-23138: watch_queue: fix pipe accounting mismatch

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.21% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 205028ebba838938d3b264dda1d0708fa7fe1ade, 2d680b988656bb556c863d8b46d9b9096842bf3d, 471c89b7d4f58bd6082f7c1fe14d4ca15c7f1284.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 205028ebba838938d3b264dda1d0708fa7fe1ade, 2d680b988656bb556c863d8b46d9b9096842bf3d, 471c89b7d4f58bd6082f7c1fe14d4ca15c7f1284 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: watch_queue: fix pipe accounting mismatch Currently, watch_queue_set_size() modifies the pipe buffers charged to user->pipe_bufs without updating the pipe->nr_accounted on the pipe itself, due to the if (!pipe_has_watch_queue()) test in pipe_resize_ring(). This means that when the pipe is ultimately freed, we decrement user->pipe_bufs by something other than what than we had charged to it, potentially leading to an underflow. This in turn can cause subsequent too_many_pipe_buffers_soft() tests to fail with -EPERM. To remedy this, explicitly account for the pipe usage in watch_queue_set_size() to match the number set via account_pipe_buffers() (It's unclear why watch_queue_set_size() does not update nr_accounted; it may be due to intentional overprovisioning in watch_queue_set_size()?)

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Nov 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 11th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-23138

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.15.149 and later · before 5.15.180
  • linux linux kernel6.1.76 and later · before 6.1.134
  • linux linux kernel6.6.15 and later · before 6.6.87
  • linux linux kernel5.10.210 and later · before 5.10.236
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.11
  • linux linux kernel6.14 and later · before 6.14.2
  • linux linux kernel6.7.3 and later · before 6.12.23

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 6fb70694f8d1ac34e45246b0ac988f025e1e5b55, 6.8affected
    • 162ae0e78bdabf84ef10c1293c4ed7865cb7d3c8 and later · before 8658c75343ed00e5e154ebbe24335f51ba8db547affected · git
    • 3efbd114b91525bb095b8ae046382197d92126b9 and later · before 471c89b7d4f58bd6082f7c1fe14d4ca15c7f1284affected · git
    • b87a1229d8668fbc78ebd9ca0fc797a76001c60f and later · before d40e3537265dea9e3c33021874437ff26dc18787affected · git
    • 68e51bdb1194f11d3452525b99c98aff6f837b24 and later · before 6dafa27764183738dc5368b669b71e3d0d154f12affected · git
    • e95aada4cb93d42e25c30a0ef9eb2923d9711d4a and later · before 56ec918e6c86c1536870e4373e91eddd0c44245faffected · git
    • e95aada4cb93d42e25c30a0ef9eb2923d9711d4a and later · before 2d680b988656bb556c863d8b46d9b9096842bf3daffected · git
    • e95aada4cb93d42e25c30a0ef9eb2923d9711d4a and later · before 205028ebba838938d3b264dda1d0708fa7fe1adeaffected · git
    • e95aada4cb93d42e25c30a0ef9eb2923d9711d4a and later · before f13abc1e8e1a3b7455511c4e122750127f6bc9b0affected · git
    • 5.10.210 and later · before 5.10.236affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.135-16.1.135-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.25-16.12.25-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-23136Apr 16, 2025 · thermal: int340x: Add NULL check for adev
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-23137Apr 16, 2025 · cpufreq/amd-pstate: Add missing NULL ptr check in amd_pstate_update
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-2073Apr 16, 2025 · Out-of-Bounds Read in netfilter/ipset in Linux Kernel ChromeOS [6.1, 5.15, 5.10, 5.4, 4.19] allows a local attacker with low privileges to t
    35Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux205028ebba838938d3b264dda1d0708fa7fe1adeVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux2d680b988656bb556c863d8b46d9b9096842bf3dVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux471c89b7d4f58bd6082f7c1fe14d4ca15c7f1284Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.10.236Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.15.180Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux56ec918e6c86c1536870e4373e91eddd0c44245fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6.1.134Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6.6.87Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6.8Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6dafa27764183738dc5368b669b71e3d0d154f12Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8658c75343ed00e5e154ebbe24335f51ba8db547Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd40e3537265dea9e3c33021874437ff26dc18787Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf13abc1e8e1a3b7455511c4e122750127f6bc9b0Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.135-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records