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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-21943: gpio: aggregator: protect driver attr handlers against module unload

MediumCVSS 4.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 12f65d1203507f7db3ba59930fe29a3b8eee9945, 56281a76b805b5ac61feb5d580139695a22f87f0, 807789018186cf508ceb3a1f8f02935cd195717b; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.85.1-2; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.85.1-2.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 12f65d1203507f7db3ba59930fe29a3b8eee9945, 56281a76b805b5ac61feb5d580139695a22f87f0, 807789018186cf508ceb3a1f8f02935cd195717b; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.85.1-2; azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.85.1-2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: gpio: aggregator: protect driver attr handlers against module unload Both new_device_store and delete_device_store touch module global resources (e.g. gpio_aggregator_lock). To prevent race conditions with module unload, a reference needs to be held. Add try_module_get() in these handlers. For new_device_store, this eliminates what appears to be the most dangerous scenario: if an id is allocated from gpio_aggregator_idr but platform_device_register has not yet been called or completed, a concurrent module unload could fail to unregister/delete the device, leaving behind a dangling platform device/GPIO forwarder. This can result in various issues. The following simple reproducer demonstrates these problems: #!/bin/bash while :; do # note: whether 'gpiochip0 0' exists or not does not matter. echo 'gpiochip0 0' > /sys/bus/platform/drivers/gpio-aggregator/new_device done & while :; do modprobe gpio-aggregator modprobe -r gpio-aggregator done & wait Starting with the following warning, several kinds of warnings will appear and the system may become unstable: ------------[ cut here ]------------ list_del corruption, ffff888103e2e980->next is LIST_POISON1 (dead000000000100) WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1327 at lib/list_debug.c:56 __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120 [...] RIP: 0010:__list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120 ? __warn.cold+0x93/0xf2 ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120 ? report_bug+0xe6/0x170 ? __irq_work_queue_local+0x39/0xe0 ? handle_bug+0x58/0x90 ? exc_invalid_op+0x13/0x60 ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 ? __list_del_entry_valid_or_report+0xa3/0x120 gpiod_remove_lookup_table+0x22/0x60 new_device_store+0x315/0x350 [gpio_aggregator] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x137/0x1f0 vfs_write+0x262/0x430 ksys_write+0x60/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x6c/0x180 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [...] </TASK> ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---

Published
Apr 1, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 6th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
18 / 40 · 4.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Follow CVE-2025-21943

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.8affected
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before fd6aa1f8cbe0979eb66ac32ebc231bf0b10a2117affected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before 807789018186cf508ceb3a1f8f02935cd195717baffected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before 9334c88fc2fbc6836b307d269fcc1744c69701c0affected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before d99dc8f7ea01ee1b21306e0eda8eb18a4af80db6affected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before 8fb07fb1bba91d45846ed8605c3097fe67a7d54caffected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before 56281a76b805b5ac61feb5d580139695a22f87f0affected · git
    • 828546e24280f721350a7a0dcc92416e917b4382 and later · before 12f65d1203507f7db3ba59930fe29a3b8eee9945affected · git
    • before 5.8not affected · semver
    • 5.10.235 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (7)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel5.8 and later · before 5.10.235
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.179
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.131
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.83
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.19
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.7
  • linux linux kernel6.14

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.133-16.1.133-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.19-16.12.19-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21940Apr 1, 2025 · drm/amdkfd: Fix NULL Pointer Dereference in KFD queue
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21941Apr 1, 2025 · drm/amd/display: Fix null check for pipe_ctx->plane_state in resource_build_scaling_params
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21944Apr 1, 2025 · ksmbd: fix bug on trap in smb2_lock
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux12f65d1203507f7db3ba59930fe29a3b8eee9945Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux56281a76b805b5ac61feb5d580139695a22f87f0Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux807789018186cf508ceb3a1f8f02935cd195717bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8fb07fb1bba91d45846ed8605c3097fe67a7d54cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux9334c88fc2fbc6836b307d269fcc1744c69701c0Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd99dc8f7ea01ee1b21306e0eda8eb18a4af80db6Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxfd6aa1f8cbe0979eb66ac32ebc231bf0b10a2117Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.85.1-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.85.1-2 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.85.1-2 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.176.3-3 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.180.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.176.3-3 on CBL-Mariner 2.05.15.180.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.180.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.180.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.133-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-362 · Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records