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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-21859: USB: gadget: f_midi: f_midi_complete to call queue_work

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.19% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 1f10923404705a94891e612dff3b75e828a78368, 24a942610ee9bafb2692a456ae850c5b2e409b05, 4ab37fcb42832cdd3e9d5e50653285ca84d6686f; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1f10923404705a94891e612dff3b75e828a78368, 24a942610ee9bafb2692a456ae850c5b2e409b05, 4ab37fcb42832cdd3e9d5e50653285ca84d6686f; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.82.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: USB: gadget: f_midi: f_midi_complete to call queue_work When using USB MIDI, a lock is attempted to be acquired twice through a re-entrant call to f_midi_transmit, causing a deadlock. Fix it by using queue_work() to schedule the inner f_midi_transmit() via a high priority work queue from the completion handler.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 12, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 8th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
5.5
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-21859

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel3.2 and later · before 6.1.130
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.80
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.17
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.5
  • linux linux kernel6.14

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 3.2affected
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before 727dee0857946b85232526de4f5a957fe163e89aaffected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before 1f10923404705a94891e612dff3b75e828a78368affected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before b09957657d7767d164b3432af2129bd72947553caffected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before 24a942610ee9bafb2692a456ae850c5b2e409b05affected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before deeee3adb2c01eedab32c3b4519337689ad02e8aaffected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before e9fec6f42c45db2f62dc373fb1a10d2488c04e79affected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before 8aa6b4be1f4efccbfc533e6ec8841d26e4fa8dbaaffected · git
    • d5daf49b58661ec4af7a55b277176efbf945ca05 and later · before 4ab37fcb42832cdd3e9d5e50653285ca84d6686faffected · git
    • before 3.2not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.133-16.1.133-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.17-16.12.17-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21853Mar 12, 2025 · bpf: avoid holding freeze_mutex during mmap operation
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21858Mar 12, 2025 · geneve: Fix use-after-free in geneve_find_dev().
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21861Mar 12, 2025 · mm/migrate_device: don't add folio to be freed to LRU in migrate_device_finalize()
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux1f10923404705a94891e612dff3b75e828a78368Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux24a942610ee9bafb2692a456ae850c5b2e409b05Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4ab37fcb42832cdd3e9d5e50653285ca84d6686fVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux727dee0857946b85232526de4f5a957fe163e89aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux8aa6b4be1f4efccbfc533e6ec8841d26e4fa8dbaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxb09957657d7767d164b3432af2129bd72947553cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxdeeee3adb2c01eedab32c3b4519337689ad02e8aVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe9fec6f42c45db2f62dc373fb1a10d2488c04e79Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.82.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.82.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.82.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.179.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.05.15.179.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.182.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.182.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.05.15.179.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:linux6.1.133-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-667 · Improper Locking

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (11 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records