Skip to content
Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-21785: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.27% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa, 4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860, 67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.79.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.79.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.79.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aa, 4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860, 67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618; azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.79.1-1; azl3 kernel 6.6.79.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.79.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: arm64: cacheinfo: Avoid out-of-bounds write to cacheinfo array The loop that detects/populates cache information already has a bounds check on the array size but does not account for cache levels with separate data/instructions cache. Fix this by incrementing the index for any populated leaf (instead of any populated level).

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 19th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · Linux
7.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-21785

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

Your free account also gets you

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every MondayDon't want an account? RSS feed for linux records

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel4.0 and later · before 6.1.129
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.79
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.16
  • linux linux kernel6.13 and later · before 6.13.4
  • linux linux kernel6.14

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.0affected
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aaaffected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before e4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before ab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618affected · git
    • 5d425c18653731af62831d30a4fa023d532657a9 and later · before 875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2affected · git
    • before 4.0not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8bpftoolbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernelbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-corebefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-cross-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-develbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-docbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-headersbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rtbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-corebefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debugbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-corebefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-develbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-debug-modules-extrabefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-develbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8kernel-rt-modulesbefore 4.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_104.18.0-553.46.1.rt7.387.el8_10

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21779Feb 27, 2025 · KVM: x86: Reject Hyper-V's SEND_IPI hypercalls if local APIC isn't in-kernel
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21780Feb 27, 2025 · drm/amdgpu: avoid buffer overflow attach in smu_sys_set_pp_table()
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21787Feb 27, 2025 · team: better TEAM_OPTION_TYPE_STRING validation
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux4371ac7b494e933fffee2bd6265d18d73c4f05aaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4ff25f0b18d1d0174c105e4620428bcdc1213860Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux67b99a2b5811df4294c2ad50f9bff3b6a08bd618Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux715eb1af64779e1b1aa0a7b2ffb81414d9f708e5Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux875d742cf5327c93cba1f11e12b08d3cce7a88d2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux88a3e6afaf002250220793df99404977d343db14Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxab90894f33c15b14c1cee6959ab6c8dcb09127f8Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe4fde33107351ec33f1a64188612fbc6ca659284Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.78.1-3 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.79.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 kernel 6.6.79.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.06.6.79.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:bpftool4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-abi-stablelists4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-core4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-cross-headers4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-core4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-devel4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-debug-modules-extra4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-devel4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-doc4.18.0-553.46.1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.129-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-core0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-core0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-devel0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-kvm0:5.14.0-70.126.1.rt21.198.el9_0 · Red Hat:rhel_e4s:9.0::nfvPackage registry (OSV)

+19

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (9 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records