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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2025-21659: netdev: prevent accessing NAPI instances from another namespace

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.18% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux b683ba0df11ff563cc237eb1b74d6adfa77226bf, d1cacd74776895f6435941f86a1130e58f6dd226.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 8.1, NVD 5.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux b683ba0df11ff563cc237eb1b74d6adfa77226bf, d1cacd74776895f6435941f86a1130e58f6dd226 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netdev: prevent accessing NAPI instances from another namespace The NAPI IDs were not fully exposed to user space prior to the netlink API, so they were never namespaced. The netlink API must ensure that at the very least NAPI instance belongs to the same netns as the owner of the genl sock. napi_by_id() can become static now, but it needs to move because of dev_get_by_napi_id().

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 21, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
8.1
2.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel6.8 and later · before 6.12.10
  • linux linux kernel6.13

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 6.8affected
    • 27f91aaf49b3a50e5a02ad5fa27b7c453d029a72 and later · before b683ba0df11ff563cc237eb1b74d6adfa77226bfaffected · git
    • 27f91aaf49b3a50e5a02ad5fa27b7c453d029a72 and later · before d1cacd74776895f6435941f86a1130e58f6dd226affected · git
    • before 6.8not affected · semver
    • 6.12.10 and later · up to and including 6.12.*not affected · semver
    • 6.13 and laternot affected · original_commit_for_fix

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.10-16.12.10-1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_3before 20-150600.2.120-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_4before 16-150600.2.116-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_5before 15-150600.2.115-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_6before 11-150600.2.111-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_7before 11-150600.2.111-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_9before 6-150600.2.16-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_0before 21-150600.3.121-150600.3.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_1before 20-150600.2.120-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_5before 14-150600.2.114-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_6before 11-150600.2.111-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_7before 11-150600.2.111-150600.2.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_0before 3-150700.3.6.23-150700.3.6.2
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_2before 11-1.111-1.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_3before 11-1.211-1.2
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_4before 9-1.29-1.2
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0_Update_5before 7-1.27-1.2
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_2before 11-1.111-1.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_3before 11-1.211-1.2
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_4before 8-1.18-1.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0kernel-livepatch-MICRO-6-0-RT_Update_5before 7-1.17-1.1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-57946Jan 21, 2025 · virtio-blk: don't keep queue frozen during system suspend
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21657Jan 21, 2025 · sched_ext: Replace rq_lock() to raw_spin_rq_lock() in scx_ops_bypass()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21660Jan 21, 2025 · ksmbd: fix unexpectedly changed path in ksmbd_vfs_kern_path_locked
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linuxb683ba0df11ff563cc237eb1b74d6adfa77226bfVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd1cacd74776895f6435941f86a1130e58f6dd226Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.12.10-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_320-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_416-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_515-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_611-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_711-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_96-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_021-150600.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_120-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_514-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_611-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_711-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_03-150700.3.6.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records