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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GovTech CSG

CVE-2025-1864: Buffer Overflow and Potential Code Execution in Radare2

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 40/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.48% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: radareorg radare2 <5.9.9, patch 5.9.9.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to radareorg radare2 <5.9.9, patch 5.9.9 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in radareorg radare2 allows Overflow Buffers.This issue affects radare2: before <5.9.9.

CriticalCVSS 10.0 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 41th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

40

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
40 / 40 · 10.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GovTech CSG
10.0
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-1864

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
radareradare2

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • radare radare2up to 5.9.8 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GovTech CSG). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • radareorg radare2

    • before <5.9.9affected · gitfixed in patch 5.9.9

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
openSUSE:Leap 15.6radare2before 5.9.8-bp156.4.9.15.9.8-bp156.4.9.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedradare2before 5.9.8-3.15.9.8-3.1
SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6radare2before 5.9.8-bp156.4.9.15.9.8-bp156.4.9.1

Same product

radare: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-1744Out-of-bounds Write in radare2
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-29646Buffer Overflow vulnerability in radarorg radare2 v.5.8.8 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the name, type, or group fields.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-46570An out-of-bounds read in radare2 v.5.8.9 and before exists in the print_insn32 function of libr/arch/p/nds32/nds32-dis.h.
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-11858Dec 15, 2024 · Radare2: command injection via pebble application files in radare2
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1378Feb 17, 2025 · radare2 rasm2 rasm2.c memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-5641Jun 5, 2025 · Radare2 radiff2 cons.c r_cons_is_breaked memory corruption
    8Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
radareorg radare2<5.9.9Vendor (CNA)
radareorg radare2patch 5.9.9Vendor (CNA)
opensuse:radare25.9.8-bp156.4.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:radare25.9.8-bp156.4.9.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-137814 days apartradare2 rasm2 rasm2.c memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-564194 days apartRadare2 radiff2 cons.c r_cons_is_breaked memory corruption
    8Monitor
  • CVE-2025-564394 days apartRadare2 radiff2 cons.c cons_stack_load memory corruption
    8Monitor
  • CVE-2025-564694 days apartRadare2 radiff2 pal.c r_cons_rainbow_free memory corruption
    8Monitor
  • CVE-2025-564794 days apartRadare2 radiff2 cons.c r_cons_context_break_pop memory corruption
    8Monitor
  • CVE-2025-564894 days apartRadare2 radiff2 pal.c r_cons_pal_init memory corruption
    8Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records