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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GovTech CSG

CVE-2025-1744: Out-of-bounds Write in radare2

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 40/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.50% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: radareorg radare2 <5.9.9, patch 5.9.9; azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-5; azl3 ceph 18.2.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 18.2.2-6.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to radareorg radare2 <5.9.9, patch 5.9.9; azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 2.41-5; azl3 ceph 18.2.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 18.2.2-6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in radareorg radare2 allows heap-based buffer over-read or buffer overflow.This issue affects radare2: before <5.9.9.

CriticalCVSS 10.0 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 28, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 43th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

40

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
40 / 40 · 10.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GovTech CSG
10.0
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-1744

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
radareradare2

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • radare radare2up to 5.9.8 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GovTech CSG). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • radareorg radare2

    • before <5.9.9affected · gitfixed in patch 5.9.9

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
openSUSE:Leap 15.6radare2before 5.9.8-bp156.4.9.15.9.8-bp156.4.9.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedradare2before 5.9.8-3.15.9.8-3.1
SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6radare2before 5.9.8-bp156.4.9.15.9.8-bp156.4.9.1

Same product

radare: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-1864Buffer Overflow and Potential Code Execution in Radare2
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-29646Buffer Overflow vulnerability in radarorg radare2 v.5.8.8 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the name, type, or group fields.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-46570An out-of-bounds read in radare2 v.5.8.9 and before exists in the print_insn32 function of libr/arch/p/nds32/nds32-dis.h.
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-11858Dec 15, 2024 · Radare2: command injection via pebble application files in radare2
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1378Feb 17, 2025 · radare2 rasm2 rasm2.c memory corruption
    19Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-5641Jun 5, 2025 · Radare2 radiff2 cons.c r_cons_is_breaked memory corruption
    8Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
radareorg radare2<5.9.9Vendor (CNA)
radareorg radare2patch 5.9.9Vendor (CNA)
azl3 binutils 2.41-5 on Azure Linux 3.02.41-5 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 ceph 18.2.2-6 on Azure Linux 3.018.2.2-6 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 ceph 18.2.2-8 on Azure Linux 3.018.2.2-6 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-14 on CBL Mariner 2.02.37-14 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-14 on CBL-Mariner 2.02.37-14 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 ceph 16.2.10-7 on CBL Mariner 2.016.2.10-7 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 ceph 16.2.10-7 on CBL-Mariner 2.016.2.10-7 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 cloud-hypervisor 32.0-5 on CBL Mariner 2.032.0-5 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 cloud-hypervisor 32.0-6 on CBL Mariner 2.032.0-5 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 cloud-hypervisor 32.0-6 on CBL-Mariner 2.032.0-5 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
opensuse:radare25.9.8-bp156.4.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:radare25.9.8-bp156.4.9.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2023-47016464 days apartradare2 5.8.9 has an out-of-bounds read in r_bin_object_set_items in libr/bin/bobj.c, causing a crash in r_read_le32 in libr/include/r_endia
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2024-48241121 days apartAn issue in radare2 v5.8.0 through v5.9.4 allows a local attacker to cause a denial of service via the __bf_div function.
    22Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records