CVE-2025-15039: Account Takeover via Conditional Authentication Script Logic in Multiple WSO2 Products
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 37/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.66% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 51.9% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
The Conditional Authentication (Adaptive Authentication) script does not correctly enforce the completion of all required authentication steps when a specific multi-step pattern involving certain authenticators is configured. This allows an attacker to bypass intermediate authentication challenges by exploiting how the script handles callbacks and re-execution of authentication steps. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor to gain unauthorized access to a targeted user account. This vulnerability can only be exploited when all of the following conditions are met: the application login flow contains a specific secondary authenticator, the Conditional Authentication script is configured with particular event callbacks and re-executes an authentication step, the targeted user has one of the impacted authenticators enrolled, and the attacker successfully completes any preceding authentication steps.
- Published
- Aug 6, 2026
- Updated
- Sep 29, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.6% · 51th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-693
Report tools
Action score
37
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 37 / 40 · 9.4 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.6%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · WSO2
- 9.4
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- No fixed version yet
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| wso2 | api control plane | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_control_plane |
| wso2 | api manager | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:api_manager |
| wso2 | identity server | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server |
| wso2 | identity server as key manager | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:identity_server_as_key_manager |
| wso2 | open banking am | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_am |
| wso2 | open banking iam | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_iam |
| wso2 | open banking km | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:open_banking_km |
| wso2 | traffic manager | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:traffic_manager |
| wso2 | universal gateway | cpe:2.3:a:wso2:universal_gateway |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- wso2 api control plane4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.45
- wso2 api control plane4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.9
- wso2 api manager2.6.0 and later · before 2.6.0.150
- wso2 api manager3.0.0 and later · before 3.0.0.180
- wso2 api manager3.1.0 and later · before 3.1.0.356
- wso2 api manager3.2.0 and later · before 3.2.0.460
- wso2 api manager3.2.1 and later · before 3.2.1.79
- wso2 api manager4.0.0 and later · before 4.0.0.381
- wso2 api manager4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.0.244
- wso2 api manager4.2.0 and later · before 4.2.0.184
- wso2 api manager4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.0.95
- wso2 api manager4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.0.59
- wso2 api manager4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.44
- wso2 api manager4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.8
- wso2 identity server5.7.0 and later · before 5.7.0.130
- wso2 identity server5.8.0 and later · before 5.8.0.133
- wso2 identity server5.9.0 and later · before 5.9.0.173
- wso2 identity server5.10.0 and later · before 5.10.0.385
- wso2 identity server5.11.0 and later · before 5.11.0.432
- wso2 identity server6.0.0 and later · before 6.0.0.259
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (WSO2). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
WSO2 WSO2 API Control Plane
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.45affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.9affected
WSO2 WSO2 API Manager
- before 2.6.0unknown
- 2.6.0 and later · before 2.6.0.150affected
- 3.0.0 and later · before 3.0.0.180affected
- 3.1.0 and later · before 3.1.0.356affected
- 3.2.0 and later · before 3.2.0.460affected
- 3.2.1 and later · before 3.2.1.79affected
- 4.0.0 and later · before 4.0.0.381affected
- 4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.0.244affected
- 4.2.0 and later · before 4.2.0.184affected
- 4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.0.95affected
WSO2 WSO2 Carbon Identity Application Authentication Framework
- 5.12.153 and later · before 5.12.153.66affected
- 5.12.387 and later · before 5.12.387.48affected
- 5.14.97 and later · before 5.14.97.94affected
- 5.17.5 and later · before 5.17.5.337affected
- 5.17.118 and later · before 5.17.118.24affected
- 5.18.187 and later · before 5.18.187.334affected
- 5.18.248 and later · before 5.18.248.34affected
- 5.23.8 and later · before 5.23.8.221affected
- 5.24.8 and later · before 5.24.8.29affected
- 5.25.92 and later · before 5.25.92.177affected
WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server
- before 5.7.0unknown
- 5.7.0 and later · before 5.7.0.130affected
- 5.8.0 and later · before 5.8.0.113affected
- 5.9.0 and later · before 5.9.0.173affected
- 5.10.0 and later · before 5.10.0.385affected
- 5.11.0 and later · before 5.11.0.432affected
- 6.0.0 and later · before 6.0.0.259affected
- 6.1.0 and later · before 6.1.0.260affected
- 7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.0.138affected
- 7.1.0 and later · before 7.1.0.45affected
WSO2 WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager
- before 5.7.0unknown
- 5.7.0 and later · before 5.7.0.129affected
- 5.9.0 and later · before 5.9.0.179affected
- 5.10.0 and later · before 5.10.0.376affected
WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking AM
- before 1.4.0unknown
- 1.4.0 and later · before 1.4.0.143affected
- 1.5.0 and later · before 1.5.0.144affected
- 2.0.0 and later · before 2.0.0.405affected
WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking IAM
- before 2.0.0unknown
- 2.0.0 and later · before 2.0.0.425affected
WSO2 WSO2 Open Banking KM
- before 1.4.0unknown
- 1.4.0 and later · before 1.4.0.137affected
- 1.5.0 and later · before 1.5.0.127affected
WSO2 WSO2 Traffic Manager
- before 4.5.0unknown
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.43affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.8affected
WSO2 WSO2 Universal Gateway
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.43affected
- 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.0.44affected
- 4.6.0 and later · before 4.6.0.8affected
Same product
wso2: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-5430Authentication Bypass via JWT Algorithm Mismatch in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Account TakeoverKEV77This week
- CVE-2026-1728Privilege Escalation via System REST APIs in Multiple WSO2 Products Permits Admin Account Takeover39Monitor
- CVE-2025-9312Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products39Monitor
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-8995Aug 6, 2026 · Authorization Code issued for Deleted User reuse in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Unauthorized Access19Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-13394Aug 6, 2026 · Cross-Site Request Forgery via Ajax Processor Endpoints in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables Unauthorized Actions21Monitor
- Later →CVE-2026-0637Aug 6, 2026 · Header Injection via Custom URL Configuration in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Open Redirect and Log Forgery21Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2024-68320 days apartAccount Lockout Failure via Secondary User Store Inaccessibility in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows Brute Force Attacks30Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- low · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- Low
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-693 · Protection Mechanism FailureCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLsCAPEC-1likelihood: High · High
- Cross Site TracingCAPEC-107likelihood: Medium · Very High
- Directory IndexingCAPEC-127likelihood: High · Medium
- Using Malicious FilesCAPEC-17likelihood: High · Very High
- Encryption Brute ForcingCAPEC-20likelihood: Low · Low
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another LanguageCAPEC-237likelihood: Low · Very High
- Using Unpublished Interfaces or FunctionalityCAPEC-36likelihood: Medium · High
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.