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CVE-2025-1010· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

Use-after-free in Custom Highlight

An attacker could have caused a use-after-free via the Custom Highlight API, leading to a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 135, Firefox ESR 115.20, Firefox ESR 128.7, Thunderbird 128.7, and Thunderbird 135.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 4, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 38th percentile
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Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
mozillafirefox
mozillathunderbird

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mozilla firefoxbefore 115.20.0
  • mozilla firefoxbefore 135.0
  • mozilla firefox128.1.0 and later · before 128.7.0
  • mozilla thunderbird128.0.1 and later · before 128.7.0
  • mozilla thunderbird131.0 and later · before 135.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mozilla Firefox

    • 115.20 and later · up to and including 115.*not affected · rpm
    • 128.7 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 135 and laternot affected · rpm
  • Mozilla Thunderbird

    • 128.7 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 135 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8firefoxbefore 128.7.0-1.el8_10128.7.0-1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:8thunderbirdbefore 128.7.0-1.el8_10.alma.1128.7.0-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefoxbefore 128.7.0-1.el9_5128.7.0-1.el9_5
AlmaLinux:9firefox-x11before 128.7.0-1.el9_5128.7.0-1.el9_5
AlmaLinux:9thunderbirdbefore 128.7.0-1.el9_5.alma.1128.7.0-1.el9_5.alma.1
Debian:11firefox-esrbefore 128.7.0esr-1~deb11u1128.7.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:11thunderbirdbefore 1:128.7.0esr-1~deb11u11:128.7.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12firefox-esrbefore 128.7.0esr-1~deb12u1128.7.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:12thunderbirdbefore 1:128.7.0esr-1~deb12u11:128.7.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13firefox-esrbefore 128.7.0esr-1128.7.0esr-1
Debian:13thunderbirdbefore 1:128.7.0esr-11:128.7.0esr-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfirefox-esrbefore 128.7.0-1.1128.7.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaFirefoxbefore 135.0-1.1135.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaThunderbirdbefore 128.7.0-1.1128.7.0-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefox-debugsourcebefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamthunderbirdbefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamthunderbird-debuginfobefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamthunderbird-debugsourcebefore 0:128.7.0-1.el8_100:128.7.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.7.0-1.el9_50:128.7.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.7.0-1.el9_50:128.7.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-debugsourcebefore 0:128.7.0-1.el9_50:128.7.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-x11before 0:128.7.0-1.el9_50:128.7.0-1.el9_5

+56

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV
    87Now
  • CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV
    86Now
  • CVE-2013-1690Mozilla Firefox before 22.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.7, Thunderbird before 17.0.7, and Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.7 do not properKEV
    86Now
  • CVE-2019-17026Incorrect alias information in IonMonkey JIT compiler for setting array elements could lead to a type confusion.KEV
    79This week
  • CVE-2024-9680An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.KEV
    76This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:firefox128.7.0-1.el9_5 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:firefox-x11128.7.0-1.el9_5 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:thunderbird128.7.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:firefox-esr128.7.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird1:128.7.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:firefox-esr128.7.0-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox128.7.0-150200.152.170.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird128.7.0-150200.8.200.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debuginfo0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debugsource0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-x110:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debugsource0:128.7.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:firefox0:128.7.0-1.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:thunderbird0:128.7.0-1.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox128.7.0-150200.152.170.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird128.7.0-150200.8.200.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-9680118 days apartAn attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.KEV
    76This week
  • CVE-2025-6424140 days apartUse-after-free in FontFaceSet
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-4688413 days apartSandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Disability Access APIs component
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-4725413 days apartSandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Graphics: Canvas2D component
    40Plan
  • CVE-2025-10090 days apartUse-after-free in XSLT
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-11708252 days apartUse-after-free in MediaTrackGraphImpl::GetInstance()
    39Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

All records