NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

CVE-2024-9680: An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 76/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Oct 15, 2024); it is known to be used in ransomware campaigns. Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Nov 5, 2024.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 23.1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.3.1-2.el8_10.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:8) 128.3.1-1.el8_10.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:9) 128.4.0-1.el9_5, 128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.3.1-2.el8_10.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:8) 128.3.1-1.el8_10.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:9) 128.4.0-1.el9_5, 128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines. We have had reports of this vulnerability being exploited in the wild. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 131.0.2, Firefox ESR < 128.3.1, Firefox ESR < 115.16.1, Thunderbird < 131.0.1, Thunderbird < 128.3.1, and Thunderbird < 115.16.0.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available

Published: Oct 9, 2024
Updated: Aug 4, 2026
EPSS: 23.1% · 97th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 7 / 30 · 23.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Oct 15, 2024. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Nov 5, 2024.

Known to be used in ransomware campaigns.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
mozilla	firefox	cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox
mozilla	thunderbird	cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird
debian	debian linux	cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

debian debian linux11.0
mozilla firefoxbefore 131.0.2
mozilla firefox128.1.0 and later · before 128.3.1
mozilla firefoxbefore 115.16.1
mozilla thunderbirdbefore 115.16.0
mozilla thunderbird128.0.1 and later · before 128.3.1
mozilla thunderbird131.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Mozilla Firefox
- unspecified and later · before 131.0.2affected
Mozilla Firefox ESR
- unspecified and later · before 128.3.1affected
- unspecified and later · before 115.16.1affected
Mozilla Thunderbird
- unspecified and later · before 131.0.1affected
- unspecified and later · before 128.3.1affected
- unspecified and later · before 115.16.0affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:8	firefox	before 128.3.1-2.el8_10.alma.1	128.3.1-2.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8	thunderbird	before 128.3.1-1.el8_10.alma.1	128.3.1-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	firefox	before 128.4.0-1.el9_5	128.4.0-1.el9_5
AlmaLinux:9	firefox	before 128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1	128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	firefox-x11	before 128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1	128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	firefox-x11	before 128.4.0-1.el9_5	128.4.0-1.el9_5
AlmaLinux:9	thunderbird	before 128.3.1-1.el9_4.alma.1	128.3.1-1.el9_4.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	thunderbird	before 128.4.0-1.el9_5.alma.1	128.4.0-1.el9_5.alma.1
Debian:11	firefox-esr	before 128.3.1esr-1~deb11u1	128.3.1esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:11	thunderbird	before 1:115.16.0esr-1~deb11u1	1:115.16.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12	firefox-esr	before 128.3.1esr-1~deb12u1	128.3.1esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:12	thunderbird	before 1:115.16.0esr-1~deb12u1	1:115.16.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13	firefox-esr	before 128.3.1esr-1	128.3.1esr-1
Debian:13	thunderbird	before 1:128.3.2esr-1	1:128.3.2esr-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5	MozillaFirefox	before 128.3.1-150200.152.155.1	128.3.1-150200.152.155.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5	MozillaThunderbird	before 128.3.1-150200.8.185.1	128.3.1-150200.8.185.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5	MozillaThunderbird	before 128.3.0-150200.8.182.1	128.3.0-150200.8.182.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	MozillaFirefox	before 131.0.2-1.1	131.0.2-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	MozillaThunderbird	before 128.3.1-1.1	128.3.1-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	mozjs128	before 128.3.1-1.1	128.3.1-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	firefox	before 0:128.3.1-2.el8_10	0:128.3.1-2.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	firefox-debuginfo	before 0:128.3.1-2.el8_10	0:128.3.1-2.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	firefox-debugsource	before 0:128.3.1-2.el8_10	0:128.3.1-2.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	thunderbird	before 0:128.3.1-1.el8_10	0:128.3.1-1.el8_10

+63

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV
94Now
CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV
87Now
CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV
86Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-9403Oct 1, 2024 · Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 130.
29Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2024-9398Oct 1, 2024 · By checking the result of calls to `window.open` with specifically set protocol handlers, an attacker could determine if the application whi
21Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-9936Oct 14, 2024 · When manipulating the selection node cache, an attacker may have been able to cause unexpected behavior, potentially leading to an exploitab
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
almalinux:firefox	128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:firefox-x11	128.3.1-2.el9_4.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:thunderbird	128.3.1-1.el8_10.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
debian:firefox-esr	128.3.1esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird	1:115.16.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox	128.3.1-150200.152.155.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird	128.3.0-150200.8.182.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mozjs128	128.3.1-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox	0:128.3.1-2.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debuginfo	0:128.3.1-2.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debugsource	0:128.3.1-2.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-x11	0:128.3.1-2.el9_4 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird	0:128.3.1-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo	0:128.3.1-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debugsource	0:128.3.1-1.el8_10 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:firefox	0:128.3.1-2.el9_4 · Rocky Linux:9	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:thunderbird	0:128.3.1-1.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8	Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox	128.3.1-112.231.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP5	Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox	128.3.1-150200.152.155.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP5	Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird	128.3.0-150200.8.182.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP5	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×3

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:11	2024-10-17
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:1	2025-01-02
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:10	2025-11-07

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedOct 9, 2024
CISA KEVOct 15, 2024+6 d
First PoCOct 17, 2024+8 d
TodayOct 27, 2026+748 d

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Damien SchaefferESET

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2025-6424258 days apartUse-after-free in FontFaceSet
41Plan
CVE-2026-4688531 days apartSandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Disability Access APIs component
40Plan
CVE-2026-4725531 days apartSandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Graphics: Canvas2D component
40Plan
CVE-2025-1009118 days apartUse-after-free in XSLT
39Monitor
CVE-2024-4764148 days apartMultiple WebRTC threads could have claimed a newly connected audio input leading to use-after-free.
39Monitor
CVE-2025-11719370 days apartUse-after-free caused by the native messaging web extension API on Windows
39Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-24-1656 · Oct 10, 2024(Mozilla Firefox Güvenlik Bildirimi)

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:47 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1923344

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records