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CVE-2025-0133· NVD / CVE Program· CNA palo_alto

PAN-OS: Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in GlobalProtect Gateway and Portal

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • A ready-made attack module is public (Nuclei); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 46.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 98.8% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW 11.2.8; Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS 10.2.16-h1, 11.1.10-h1, 11.1.6-h14.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW 11.2.8; Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS 10.2.16-h1, 11.1.10-h1, 11.1.6-h14 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the GlobalProtect™ gateway and portal features of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enables execution of malicious JavaScript in the context of an authenticated Captive Portal user's browser when they click on a specially crafted link. The primary risk is phishing attacks that can lead to credential theft—particularly if you enabled Clientless VPN. There is no availability impact to GlobalProtect features or GlobalProtect users. Attackers cannot use this vulnerability to tamper with or modify contents or configurations of the GlobalProtect portal or gateways. The integrity impact of this vulnerability is limited to enabling an attacker to create phishing and credential-stealing links that appear to be hosted on the GlobalProtect portal. For GlobalProtect users with Clientless VPN enabled, there is a limited impact on confidentiality due to inherent risks of Clientless VPN that facilitate credential theft. You can read more about this risk in the informational bulletin PAN-SA-2025-0005 https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/PAN-SA-2025-0005 https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/PAN-SA-2025-0005 . There is no impact to confidentiality for GlobalProtect users if you did not enable (or you disable) Clientless VPN.

LowCVSS 2.7 · v4.0—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
May 14, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
46.2% · 98th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
10 / 40 · 2.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
14 / 30 · 46.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · palo_alto
1.2
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:D/U:Amber

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-0133

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (palo_alto). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW

    • All and later · before 11.2.8affectedfixed in 11.2.8

  • Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS

    • 10.1.0affected
    • 11.2.0 and later · before 11.2.7affectedfixed in 11.2.7, 11.2.4-h9
    • 11.1.0 and later · before 11.1.6-h14affectedfixed in 11.1.10-h1, 11.1.6-h14
    • 10.2.0 and later · before 10.2.16-h1affectedfixed in 10.2.16-h1

  • Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access

    • Allaffected

Same product

palo alto networks: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-0128PAN-OS: Firewall Denial of Service (DoS) Using a Specially Crafted Packet
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2024-9472PAN-OS: Firewall Denial of Service (DoS) Using Specially Crafted Traffic
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2025-4230PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability Through CLI
    33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-0127Apr 10, 2025 · PAN-OS: Authenticated Admin Command Injection Vulnerability in PAN-OS VM-Series
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-0123Apr 11, 2025 · PAN-OS: Information Disclosure Vulnerability in HTTP/2 Packet Captures
    23Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-0136May 14, 2025 · PAN-OS: Unencrypted Data Transfer when using AES-128-CCM on Intel-based hardware devices
    21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Palo Alto Networks Cloud NGFW11.2.8Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS10.2.16-h1Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS11.1.10-h1Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS11.1.6-h14Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS11.2.4-h9Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS11.2.7Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Nuclei detection template ×1
  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×8

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Nuclei detection templateNuclei template CVE-2025-0133 —
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:52025-05-23
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:202025-06-17
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-06-18
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:112025-06-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-07-11
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-09-23
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02026-05-06
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:12026-06-29

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+8 d
  3. TodayOct 19, 2026+523 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-0308484 days apartPAN-OS: Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability in the Web Interface
    4Monitor
  • CVE-2026-0316518 days apartPAN-OS: Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerability
    4Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
N

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records