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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2024-56637: netfilter: ipset: Hold module reference while requesting a module

MediumCVSS 4.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.17% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b, 456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c, 5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.3, NVD 4.7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694b, 456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3c, 5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: Hold module reference while requesting a module User space may unload ip_set.ko while it is itself requesting a set type backend module, leading to a kernel crash. The race condition may be provoked by inserting an mdelay() right after the nfnl_unlock() call.

Published
Dec 27, 2024
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 7th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
18 / 40 · 4.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
4.7
CNA · Linux
7.3
2.6 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2024-56637

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 2.6.39affected
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before e5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccfaffected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before 6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519affected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before 0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694baffected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before 5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0affected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before 90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340affected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before ba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dcaaffected · git
    • a7b4f989a629493bb4ec4a354def784d440b32c4 and later · before 456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3caffected · git
    • before 2.6.39not affected · semver
    • 5.4.287 and later · up to and including 5.4.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (7)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel2.6.39 and later · before 5.4.287
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.231
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.174
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.120
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.66
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.12.5
  • linux linux kernel6.13

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.123-16.1.123-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.12.5-16.12.5-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-56631Dec 27, 2024 · scsi: sg: Fix slab-use-after-free read in sg_release()
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-56636Dec 27, 2024 · geneve: do not assume mac header is set in geneve_xmit_skb()
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-56638Dec 27, 2024 · netfilter: nft_inner: incorrect percpu area handling under softirq
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0e67805e805c1f3edd6f43adbe08ea14b552694bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux456f010bfaefde84d3390c755eedb1b0a5857c3cVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5bae60a933ba5d16eed55c6b279be51bcbbc79b0Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6099b5d3e37145484fac4b8b4070c3f1abfb3519Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux90bf312a6b6b3d6012137f6776a4052ee85e0340Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxba5e070f36682d07ca7ad2a953e6c9d96be19dcaVendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe5e2d3024753fdaca818b822e3827614bacbdccfVendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.123-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-362 · Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records