CVE-2024-49861: bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.24% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 1e75d25133158b525e0456876e9bcfd6b2993fd5, 2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23c, 32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48b; azl3 kernel 6.6.51.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.56.1-5; azl3 kernel 6.6.56.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.56.1-5.
- Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1e75d25133158b525e0456876e9bcfd6b2993fd5, 2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23c, 32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48b; azl3 kernel 6.6.51.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.56.1-5; azl3 kernel 6.6.56.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 6.6.56.1-5 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix helper writes to read-only maps Lonial found an issue that despite user- and BPF-side frozen BPF map (like in case of .rodata), it was still possible to write into it from a BPF program side through specific helpers having ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} as arguments. In check_func_arg() when the argument is as mentioned, the meta->raw_mode is never set. Later, check_helper_mem_access(), under the case of PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE as register base type, it assumes BPF_READ for the subsequent call to check_map_access_type() and given the BPF map is read-only it succeeds. The helpers really need to be annotated as ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} | MEM_UNINIT when results are written into them as opposed to read out of them. The latter indicates that it's okay to pass a pointer to uninitialized memory as the memory is written to anyway. However, ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} is a special case of ARG_PTR_TO_FIXED_SIZE_MEM just with additional alignment requirement. So it is better to just get rid of the ARG_PTR_TO_{LONG,INT} special cases altogether and reuse the fixed size memory types. For this, add MEM_ALIGNED to additionally ensure alignment given these helpers write directly into the args via *<ptr> = val. The .arg*_size has been initialized reflecting the actual sizeof(*<ptr>). MEM_ALIGNED can only be used in combination with MEM_FIXED_SIZE annotated argument types, since in !MEM_FIXED_SIZE cases the verifier does not know the buffer size a priori and therefore cannot blindly write *<ptr> = val.
- Published
- Oct 21, 2024
- Updated
- Aug 5, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 15th percentile
- CWE
- —
Report tools
Action score
28
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 7.1
- CNA · Linux
- 7.8
- 0.7 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 5.2affected
- 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f and later · before 988e55abcf7fdb8fc9a76a7cf3f4e939a4d4fb3aaffected · git
- 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f and later · before a2c8dc7e21803257e762b0bf067fd13e9c995da0affected · git
- 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f and later · before 2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23caffected · git
- 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f and later · before 1e75d25133158b525e0456876e9bcfd6b2993fd5affected · git
- 57c3bb725a3dd97d960d7e1cd0845d88de53217f and later · before 32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48baffected · git
- before 5.2not affected · semver
- 6.1.120 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
- 6.6.54 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver
- 6.10.13 and later · up to and including 6.10.*not affected · semver
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.2 and later · before 6.6.54
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.10.13
- linux linux kernel6.11 and later · before 6.11.2
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.123-1 | 6.1.123-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.11.2-1 | 6.11.2-1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | dtb-aarch64 | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-64kb | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-azure | before 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-debug | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-default | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-default-base | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-docs | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-kvmsmall | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-obs-build | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-obs-qa | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-source | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-source-azure | before 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-syms | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-syms-azure | before 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_14 | before 1-150600.13.3.4 | 1-150600.13.3.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP7 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP7_Update_3 | before 1-150700.15.3.4 | 1-150700.15.3.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-64kb | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-default | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-default-base | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-source | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | kernel-zfcpdump | before 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 |
+21
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-49859Oct 21, 2024 · f2fs: fix to check atomic_file in f2fs ioctl interfaces18Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-49860Oct 21, 2024 · ACPI: sysfs: validate return type of _STR method28Monitor
- Later →CVE-2024-49862Oct 21, 2024 · powercap: intel_rapl: Fix off by one in get_rpi()28Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 1e75d25133158b525e0456876e9bcfd6b2993fd5 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23c | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48b | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 988e55abcf7fdb8fc9a76a7cf3f4e939a4d4fb3a | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | a2c8dc7e21803257e762b0bf067fd13e9c995da0 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.51.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.56.1-5 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| azl3 kernel 6.6.56.1-5 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 6.6.56.1-5 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| cbl2 kernel 5.15.202.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0 | Release Notes | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.123-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:dtb-aarch64 | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-64kb | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-azure | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-debug | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-docs | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-obs-build | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-obs-qa | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-source-azure | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-syms-azure | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-azure | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-coco | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-coco_debug | 6.4.0-15061.28.coco15sp6.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1.150600.12.28.4 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 6.4.0-150600.23.65.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source-azure | 6.4.0-150600.8.48.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
+4
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-24-1743 · Oct 22, 2024(Linux Kernel Güvenlik Bildirimi)
Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
—
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log (1)
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (5 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/2ed98ee02d1e08afee88f54baec39ea78dc8a23c
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/32556ce93bc45c730829083cb60f95a2728ea48b
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/988e55abcf7fdb8fc9a76a7cf3f4e939a4d4fb3a
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2c8dc7e21803257e762b0bf067fd13e9c995da0
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00001.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.