CVE-2024-45016: netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue fails
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.28% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469, 3.17, 4.10.
- Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.8, NVD 5.5.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469, 3.17, 4.10 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netem: fix return value if duplicate enqueue fails There is a bug in netem_enqueue() introduced by commit 5845f706388a ("net: netem: fix skb length BUG_ON in __skb_to_sgvec") that can lead to a use-after-free. This commit made netem_enqueue() always return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS when a packet is duplicated, which can cause the parent qdisc's q.qlen to be mistakenly incremented. When this happens qlen_notify() may be skipped on the parent during destruction, leaving a dangling pointer for some classful qdiscs like DRR. There are two ways for the bug happen: - If the duplicated packet is dropped by rootq->enqueue() and then the original packet is also dropped. - If rootq->enqueue() sends the duplicated packet to a different qdisc and the original packet is dropped. In both cases NET_XMIT_SUCCESS is returned even though no packets are enqueued at the netem qdisc. The fix is to defer the enqueue of the duplicate packet until after the original packet has been guaranteed to return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS.
- BDU:2025-01943
- SUSE-SU-2024:4367-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0035-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0410-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0414-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0426-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0440-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0449-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0452-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0455-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0462-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0465-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0476-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0486-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0487-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0489-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:0494-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:20186-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:20188-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:20189-1
- Published
- Sep 11, 2024
- Updated
- Oct 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 20th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
22
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 5.5
- CNA · Linux
- 7.8
- 2.3 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.0 and later · before 5.4.283
- linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.225
- linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.166
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.107
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.48
- linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.10.7
- linux linux kernel6.11
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- a550a01b8af856f2684b0f79d552f5119eb5006c, 009510a90e230bb495f3fe25c7db956679263b07, 4de7d30668cb8b06330992e1cd336f91700a2ce7, d1dd2e15c85e890a1cc9bde5ba07ae63331e5c73, 0148fe458b5705e2fea7cb88294fed7e36066ca2, 5.0affected
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before 759e3e8c4a6a6b4e52ebc4547123a457f0ce90d4affected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before c414000da1c2ea1ba9a5e5bb1a4ba774e51e202daffected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before 52d99a69f3d556c6426048c9d481b912205919d8affected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before 0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469affected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before 577d6c0619467fe90f7e8e57e45cb5bd9d936014affected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before e5bb2988a310667abed66c7d3ffa28880cf0f883affected · git
- 5845f706388a4cde0f6b80f9e5d33527e942b7d9 and later · before c07ff8592d57ed258afee5a5e04991a48dbaf382affected · git
- 3.16.66 and later · before 3.17affected · semver
- 4.9.163 and later · before 4.10affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.112-1 | 6.1.112-1 |
| Debian:13 | linux | before 6.10.7-1 | 6.10.7-1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kernel-default | before 4.12.14-122.237.1 | 4.12.14-122.237.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_52 | before 15-2.1 | 15-2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_58 | before 5-2.1 | 5-2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_61 | before 18-4.1 | 18-4.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_62 | before 3-2.1 | 3-2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_63 | before 1-8.3.1 | 1-8.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_40 | before 17-150300.2.1 | 17-150300.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_42 | before 13-150300.2.1 | 13-150300.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_44 | before 11-150300.2.1 | 11-150300.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_48 | before 4-150300.2.1 | 4-150300.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_49 | before 3-150300.2.1 | 3-150300.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_22 | before 15-150400.2.1 | 15-150400.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_27 | before 9-150400.2.1 | 9-150400.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_28 | before 6-150400.2.1 | 6-150400.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_31 | before 3-150400.2.1 | 3-150400.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_32 | before 3-150400.2.1 | 3-150400.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_10 | before 14-150500.2.1 | 14-150500.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_15 | before 9-150500.2.1 | 9-150500.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_17 | before 4-150500.2.1 | 4-150500.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_19 | before 3-150500.2.1 | 3-150500.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP5 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP5_Update_9 | before 16-150500.2.1 | 16-150500.2.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_3 | before 8-150600.2.1 | 8-150600.2.1 |
+8
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-45030Sep 11, 2024 · igb: cope with large MAX_SKB_FRAGS22Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2024-46672Sep 11, 2024 · wifi: brcmfmac: cfg80211: Handle SSID based pmksa deletion22Monitor
- Later →CVE-2024-45018Sep 11, 2024 · netfilter: flowtable: initialise extack before use22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 0486d31dd8198e22b63a4730244b38fffce6d469 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 3.17 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4.10 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4.15 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4.20 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 4.21 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 52d99a69f3d556c6426048c9d481b912205919d8 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 577d6c0619467fe90f7e8e57e45cb5bd9d936014 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 759e3e8c4a6a6b4e52ebc4547123a457f0ce90d4 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | c07ff8592d57ed258afee5a5e04991a48dbaf382 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | c414000da1c2ea1ba9a5e5bb1a4ba774e51e202d | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | e5bb2988a310667abed66c7d3ffa28880cf0f883 | Vendor (CNA) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.112-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 4.12.14-122.237.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_44 | 11-150300.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_49 | 3-150300.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP4_Update_22 | 15-150400.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_0 | 9-150600.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_2 | 4-150600.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-source | 4.12.14-122.237.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-syms | 4.12.14-122.237.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_52 | 15-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_58 | 5-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_62 | 3-2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kgraft-patch-SLE12-SP5_Update_63 | 1-8.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);
/* ... another thread is still running ... */
process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);
free(dev->buf);
dev->buf = NULL;
unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (9 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/52d99a69f3d556c6426048c9d481b912205919d8
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/577d6c0619467fe90f7e8e57e45cb5bd9d936014
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/759e3e8c4a6a6b4e52ebc4547123a457f0ce90d4
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/c07ff8592d57ed258afee5a5e04991a48dbaf382
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/c414000da1c2ea1ba9a5e5bb1a4ba774e51e202d
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/e5bb2988a310667abed66c7d3ffa28880cf0f883
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00003.html
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-265688.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.