NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2024-44985: ipv6: prevent possible UAF in ip6_xmit()

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.87% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 58.7% of all records.
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Linux Linux 124b428fe28064c809e4237b0b38e97200a8a4a8, 2d5ff7e339d04622d8282661df36151906d0e1c7, 38a21c026ed2cc7232414cb166efc1923f34af17.
Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 9.8, NVD 7.8.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 124b428fe28064c809e4237b0b38e97200a8a4a8, 2d5ff7e339d04622d8282661df36151906d0e1c7, 38a21c026ed2cc7232414cb166efc1923f34af17 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipv6: prevent possible UAF in ip6_xmit() If skb_expand_head() returns NULL, skb has been freed and the associated dst/idev could also have been freed. We must use rcu_read_lock() to prevent a possible UAF.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Memory safety

BDU:2024-06751

Published: Sep 4, 2024
Updated: Aug 5, 2026
EPSS: 0.8% · 58th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 7.8
CNA · Linux: 9.8; 2.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
linux	linux kernel	cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

linux linux kernel5.15 and later · before 5.15.166
linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.107
linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.48
linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.10.7
linux linux kernel6.11

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Linux Linux
- 5.15affected
- 81d626b00bdba16504eeae9cc891b18e83a9471a and later · before b3a3d5333c13a1be57499581eab4a8fc94d57f36affected · git
- ee6b1db17f8287b615448488fc37f42bcfe9ece6 and later · before c47e022011719fc5727bca661d662303180535baaffected · git
- 0c9f227bee11910a49e1d159abe102d06e3745d5 and later · before 975f764e96f71616b530e300c1bb2ac0ce0c2596affected · git
- 0c9f227bee11910a49e1d159abe102d06e3745d5 and later · before 38a21c026ed2cc7232414cb166efc1923f34af17affected · git
- 0c9f227bee11910a49e1d159abe102d06e3745d5 and later · before 124b428fe28064c809e4237b0b38e97200a8a4a8affected · git
- 0c9f227bee11910a49e1d159abe102d06e3745d5 and later · before fc88d6c1f2895a5775795d82ec581afdff7661d1affected · git
- 0c9f227bee11910a49e1d159abe102d06e3745d5 and later · before 2d5ff7e339d04622d8282661df36151906d0e1c7affected · git
- before 5.15not affected · semver
- 5.15.166 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:12	linux	before 6.1.112-1	6.1.112-1
Debian:13	linux	before 6.10.7-1	6.10.7-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
90Now
CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
89Now
CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-44983Sep 4, 2024 · netfilter: flowtable: validate vlan header
28Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2024-44984Sep 4, 2024 · bnxt_en: Fix double DMA unmapping for XDP_REDIRECT
22Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-44988Sep 4, 2024 · net: dsa: mv88e6xxx: Fix out-of-bound access
22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Linux Linux	124b428fe28064c809e4237b0b38e97200a8a4a8	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	2d5ff7e339d04622d8282661df36151906d0e1c7	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	38a21c026ed2cc7232414cb166efc1923f34af17	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	975f764e96f71616b530e300c1bb2ac0ce0c2596	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	b3a3d5333c13a1be57499581eab4a8fc94d57f36	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	c47e022011719fc5727bca661d662303180535ba	Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux	fc88d6c1f2895a5775795d82ec581afdff7661d1	Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux	6.1.112-1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days+1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:09 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

git.kernel.org/stable/c/124b428fe28064c809e4237b0b38e97200a8a4a8

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records