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CVE-2024-1065· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Arm

Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations

Use After Free vulnerability in Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver, Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver allows a local non-privileged user to make improper GPU memory processing operations to gain access to already freed memory.This issue affects Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver: from r45p0 through r48p0; Valhall GPU Kernel Driver: from r45p0 through r48p0; Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver: from r45p0 through r48p0.

MediumCVSS 5.9 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Apr 19, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 11th percentile
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Action score

23

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
23 / 40 · 5.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
arm5th gen gpu architecture kernel driver
armbifrost gpu kernel driver
armvalhall gpu kernel driver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • arm 5th gen gpu architecture kernel driverr45p0 and later · before r49p0
  • arm bifrost gpu kernel driverr45p0 and later · before r49p0
  • arm valhall gpu kernel driverr45p0 and later · before r49p0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Arm). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driver

    • r45p0 and later · up to and including r48p0affected · patchfixed in r49p0

  • Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver

    • r45p0 and later · up to and including r48p0affected · patchfixed in r49p0

  • Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driver

    • r45p0 and later · up to and including r48p0affected · patchfixed in r49p0

Same product

arm: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-4211Mali GPU Kernel Driver Allows Improper GPU Memory Processing OperationsKEV
    52Plan
  • CVE-2023-26083Memory leak vulnerability in Mali GPU Kernel Driver in Midgard GPU Kernel Driver all versions from r6p0 - r32p0, Bifrost GPU Kernel Driver aKEV
    43Plan
  • CVE-2023-6143Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0819Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0073Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0427Mali GPU Kernel Driver allows access to already freed memory
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Arm Ltd Arm 5th Gen GPU Architecture Kernel Driverr49p0Vendor (CNA)
Arm Ltd Bifrost GPU Kernel Driverr49p0Vendor (CNA)
Arm Ltd Valhall GPU Kernel Driverr49p0Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:52026-06-02

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+774 d
  3. TodayOct 8, 2026+903 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2023-4211201 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver Allows Improper GPU Memory Processing OperationsKEV
    52Plan
  • CVE-2023-614346 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2024-2937108 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2024-4607108 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2024-3655137 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU memory processing operations
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-5427140 days apartMali GPU Kernel Driver allows improper GPU processing operations
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
low · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

nvd-secondary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

c
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);

Fixed

c
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records