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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2023-54173: bpf: Disable preemption in bpf_event_output

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.15% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 063c9ce8e74e07bf94f99cd13146f42867875e8b, 3048cb0dc0cc9dc74ed93690dffef00733bcad5b, 36dd8ca330b76585640ed32255a3c99f901e1502.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 063c9ce8e74e07bf94f99cd13146f42867875e8b, 3048cb0dc0cc9dc74ed93690dffef00733bcad5b, 36dd8ca330b76585640ed32255a3c99f901e1502 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Disable preemption in bpf_event_output We received report [1] of kernel crash, which is caused by using nesting protection without disabled preemption. The bpf_event_output can be called by programs executed by bpf_prog_run_array_cg function that disabled migration but keeps preemption enabled. This can cause task to be preempted by another one inside the nesting protection and lead eventually to two tasks using same perf_sample_data buffer and cause crashes like: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000001 #PF: supervisor instruction fetch in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0010) - not-present page ... ? perf_output_sample+0x12a/0x9a0 ? finish_task_switch.isra.0+0x81/0x280 ? perf_event_output+0x66/0xa0 ? bpf_event_output+0x13a/0x190 ? bpf_event_output_data+0x22/0x40 ? bpf_prog_dfc84bbde731b257_cil_sock4_connect+0x40a/0xacb ? xa_load+0x87/0xe0 ? __cgroup_bpf_run_filter_sock_addr+0xc1/0x1a0 ? release_sock+0x3e/0x90 ? sk_setsockopt+0x1a1/0x12f0 ? udp_pre_connect+0x36/0x50 ? inet_dgram_connect+0x93/0xa0 ? __sys_connect+0xb4/0xe0 ? udp_setsockopt+0x27/0x40 ? __pfx_udp_push_pending_frames+0x10/0x10 ? __sys_setsockopt+0xdf/0x1a0 ? __x64_sys_connect+0xf/0x20 ? do_syscall_64+0x3a/0x90 ? entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc Fixing this by disabling preemption in bpf_event_output. [1] https://github.com/cilium/cilium/issues/26756

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 30, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 4th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.7affected
    • 2a916f2f546ca1c1e3323e2a4269307f6d9890eb and later · before 3048cb0dc0cc9dc74ed93690dffef00733bcad5baffected · git
    • 2a916f2f546ca1c1e3323e2a4269307f6d9890eb and later · before c81bdf8f9f2b002d217c3d5357cdea9f2b82ff90affected · git
    • 2a916f2f546ca1c1e3323e2a4269307f6d9890eb and later · before 36dd8ca330b76585640ed32255a3c99f901e1502affected · git
    • 2a916f2f546ca1c1e3323e2a4269307f6d9890eb and later · before 063c9ce8e74e07bf94f99cd13146f42867875e8baffected · git
    • 2a916f2f546ca1c1e3323e2a4269307f6d9890eb and later · before d62cc390c2e99ae267ffe4b8d7e2e08b6c758c32affected · git
    • before 5.7not affected · semver
    • 5.10.190 and later · up to and including 5.10.*not affected · semver
    • 5.15.126 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver
    • 6.1.45 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.52-16.1.52-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.4.11-16.4.11-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

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    40Plan
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    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-54164Dec 30, 2025 · Bluetooth: ISO: fix iso_conn related locking and validity issues
    32Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-54168Dec 30, 2025 · RDMA/mlx4: Prevent shift wrapping in set_user_sq_size()
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-54189Dec 30, 2025 · pstore/ram: Add check for kstrdup
    0Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux063c9ce8e74e07bf94f99cd13146f42867875e8bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3048cb0dc0cc9dc74ed93690dffef00733bcad5bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux36dd8ca330b76585640ed32255a3c99f901e1502Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc81bdf8f9f2b002d217c3d5357cdea9f2b82ff90Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd62cc390c2e99ae267ffe4b8d7e2e08b6c758c32Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.52-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. SSVC exploitation— → none
  2. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records