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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2023-54124: f2fs: fix to drop all dirty pages during umount() if cp_error is set

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 4ceedc2f8bdffb82e40b7d1bb912304f8e157cb1, 7741ddc882a0c806a6508ba8203c55a779db7a21, 82c3d6e9db41cbd3af1d4f90bdb441740b5fad10.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 4ceedc2f8bdffb82e40b7d1bb912304f8e157cb1, 7741ddc882a0c806a6508ba8203c55a779db7a21, 82c3d6e9db41cbd3af1d4f90bdb441740b5fad10 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix to drop all dirty pages during umount() if cp_error is set xfstest generic/361 reports a bug as below: f2fs_bug_on(sbi, sbi->fsync_node_num); kernel BUG at fs/f2fs/super.c:1627! RIP: 0010:f2fs_put_super+0x3a8/0x3b0 Call Trace: generic_shutdown_super+0x8c/0x1b0 kill_block_super+0x2b/0x60 kill_f2fs_super+0x87/0x110 deactivate_locked_super+0x39/0x80 deactivate_super+0x46/0x50 cleanup_mnt+0x109/0x170 __cleanup_mnt+0x16/0x20 task_work_run+0x65/0xa0 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x175/0x190 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x25/0x50 do_syscall_64+0x4c/0x90 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc During umount(), if cp_error is set, f2fs_wait_on_all_pages() should not stop waiting all F2FS_WB_CP_DATA pages to be writebacked, otherwise, fsync_node_num can be non-zero after f2fs_wait_on_all_pages() causing this bug. In this case, to avoid deadloop in f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(), it needs to drop all dirty pages rather than redirtying them.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 24, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 5th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Linux
7.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.19affected
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before 92575f05a32dafb16348bfa5e62478118a9be069affected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before 4ceedc2f8bdffb82e40b7d1bb912304f8e157cb1affected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before ad87bd313f70b51e48019d5ce2d02d73152356b3affected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before d8f4ad5f3979dbd8e6251259562f12472717883aaffected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before 7741ddc882a0c806a6508ba8203c55a779db7a21affected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before 82c3d6e9db41cbd3af1d4f90bdb441740b5fad10affected · git
    • af697c0f5c5b8798832e651baf23460d588393de and later · before c9b3649a934d131151111354bcbb638076f03a30affected · git
    • before 4.19not affected · semver
    • 4.19.284 and later · up to and including 4.19.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.37-16.1.37-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.3.7-16.3.7-1

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-74705udp: fix potential use-after-free in tunnel segmentation
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74612veth: fix skb length accounting after XDP frag adjustment
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-74475vxlan: use neigh_ha_snapshot() in route_shortcircuit()
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-54122Dec 24, 2025 · drm/msm/dpu: Add check for cstate
    0Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-54123Dec 24, 2025 · md/raid10: fix memleak for 'conf->bio_split'
    0Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-54125Dec 24, 2025 · fs/ntfs3: Return error for inconsistent extended attributes
    31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux4ceedc2f8bdffb82e40b7d1bb912304f8e157cb1Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7741ddc882a0c806a6508ba8203c55a779db7a21Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux82c3d6e9db41cbd3af1d4f90bdb441740b5fad10Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux92575f05a32dafb16348bfa5e62478118a9be069Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxad87bd313f70b51e48019d5ce2d02d73152356b3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc9b3649a934d131151111354bcbb638076f03a30Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxd8f4ad5f3979dbd8e6251259562f12472717883aVendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.37-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records