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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2023-52925: netfilter: nf_tables: don't fail inserts if duplicate has expired

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.20% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 156369a702c33ad5434a19c3a689bfb836d4e0b8, 4.20, 5.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 156369a702c33ad5434a19c3a689bfb836d4e0b8, 4.20, 5.5 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: don't fail inserts if duplicate has expired nftables selftests fail: run-tests.sh testcases/sets/0044interval_overlap_0 Expected: 0-2 . 0-3, got: W: [FAILED] ./testcases/sets/0044interval_overlap_0: got 1 Insertion must ignore duplicate but expired entries. Moreover, there is a strange asymmetry in nft_pipapo_activate: It refetches the current element, whereas the other ->activate callbacks (bitmap, hash, rhash, rbtree) use elem->priv. Same for .remove: other set implementations take elem->priv, nft_pipapo_remove fetches elem->priv, then does a relookup, remove this. I suspect this was the reason for the change that prompted the removal of the expired check in pipapo_get() in the first place, but skipping exired elements there makes no sense to me, this helper is used for normal get requests, insertions (duplicate check) and deactivate callback. In first two cases expired elements must be skipped. For ->deactivate(), this gets called for DELSETELEM, so it seems to me that expired elements should be skipped as well, i.e. delete request should fail with -ENOENT error.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 5, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 10th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel4.19.316 and later · before 4.20
  • linux linux kernel5.4.262 and later · before 5.5
  • linux linux kernel6.4.11
  • linux linux kernel6.5

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 94313a196b44184b5b52c1876da6a537701b425a, 1da4874d05da1526b11b82fc7f3c7ac38749ddf8affected
    • b15ea4017af82011dd55225ce77cce3d4dfc169c and later · before 891ca5dfe3b718b441fc786014a7ba8f517da188affected · git
    • 7c7e658a36f8b1522bd3586d8137e5f93a25ddc5 and later · before af78b0489e8898a8c9449ffc0fdd2e181916f0d4affected · git
    • 59dab3bf0b8fc08eb802721c0532f13dd89209b8 and later · before 59ee68c437c562170265194a99698c805a686bb3affected · git
    • bd156ce9553dcaf2d6ee2c825d1a5a1718e86524 and later · before 156369a702c33ad5434a19c3a689bfb836d4e0b8affected · git
    • 24138933b97b055d486e8064b4a1721702442a9b and later · before 7845914f45f066497ac75b30c50dbc735e84e884affected · git
    • 4.19.316 and later · before 4.20affected · semver
    • 5.4.262 and later · before 5.5affected · semver
    • 6.4.11 and later · before 6.4.12affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.4.13-16.4.13-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.42.16.4.0-150600.23.42.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.31.16.4.0-150600.8.31.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.2.150600.12.18.46.4.0-150600.23.42.2.150600.12.18.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.16.4.0-150600.23.42.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.16.4.0-150600.23.42.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.29.16.4.0-150600.10.29.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rt_debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.29.16.4.0-150600.10.29.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.16.4.0-150600.23.42.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.31.16.4.0-150600.8.31.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.29.16.4.0-150600.10.29.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.16.4.0-150600.23.42.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-syms-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.31.16.4.0-150600.8.31.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-syms-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.29.16.4.0-150600.10.29.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6_Update_9before 1-150600.13.3.41-150600.13.3.4
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP6-RT_Update_9before 1-150600.1.3.21-150600.1.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.42.26.4.0-150600.23.42.2

+25

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-21682Jan 31, 2025 · eth: bnxt: always recalculate features after XDP clearing, fix null-deref
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-52924Feb 5, 2025 · netfilter: nf_tables: don't skip expired elements during walk
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-57949Feb 9, 2025 · irqchip/gic-v3-its: Don't enable interrupts in its_irq_set_vcpu_affinity()
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux156369a702c33ad5434a19c3a689bfb836d4e0b8Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux4.20Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux5.5Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux59ee68c437c562170265194a99698c805a686bb3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux6.4.12Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux7845914f45f066497ac75b30c50dbc735e84e884Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux891ca5dfe3b718b441fc786014a7ba8f517da188Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxaf78b0489e8898a8c9449ffc0fdd2e181916f0d4Vendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.4.13-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.42.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150600.8.31.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.42.2.150600.12.18.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.42.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.4.0-150600.23.42.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source-azure6.4.0-150600.8.31.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms-azure6.4.0-150600.8.31.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150600.8.31.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-coco6.4.0-15061.18.coco15sp6.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-coco_debug6.4.0-15061.18.coco15sp6.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Confidential Computing Technical Preview 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.42.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.42.2.150600.12.18.4 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.42.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source6.4.0-150600.23.42.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-source-azure6.4.0-150600.8.31.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

+4

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records