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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2023-52923: netfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.26% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b, 479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91, c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.8, NVD 5.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302b, 479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91, c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: adapt set backend to use GC transaction API Use the GC transaction API to replace the old and buggy gc API and the busy mark approach. No set elements are removed from async garbage collection anymore, instead the _DEAD bit is set on so the set element is not visible from lookup path anymore. Async GC enqueues transaction work that might be aborted and retried later. rbtree and pipapo set backends does not set on the _DEAD bit from the sync GC path since this runs in control plane path where mutex is held. In this case, set elements are deactivated, removed and then released via RCU callback, sync GC never fails.

Published
Jan 20, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 19th percentile
CWE
—

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
7.8
2.3 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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Follow CVE-2023-52923

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 4.1affected
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before cb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3affected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before c357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2affected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before 146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302baffected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before 479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91affected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before df650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15affected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before e4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681affected · git
    • 9d0982927e79049675cb6c6c04a0ebb3dad5a434 and later · before f6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adfaffected · git
    • before 4.1not affected · semver
    • 4.19.316 and later · up to and including 4.19.*not affected · semver
Affected versions · NVD (7)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel4.1 and later · before 4.19.316
  • linux linux kernel4.20 and later · before 5.4.262
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.198
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.134
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.56
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.4.11
  • linux linux kernel6.5

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.64-16.1.64-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.4.11-16.4.11-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.26.16.4.0-150600.8.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.1.150600.12.16.26.4.0-150600.23.38.1.150600.12.16.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.26.16.4.0-150600.10.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rt_debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.26.16.4.0-150600.10.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.26.16.4.0-150600.8.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.26.16.4.0-150600.10.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-syms-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.26.16.4.0-150600.8.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-syms-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.26.16.4.0-150600.10.26.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.38.16.4.0-150600.23.38.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSSkernel-64kbbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.195.15.3.18-150300.59.195.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSSkernel-default-basebefore 5.3.18-150300.59.195.1.150300.18.116.15.3.18-150300.59.195.1.150300.18.116.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSSkernel-docsbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.195.15.3.18-150300.59.195.1

+84

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe…KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-57924Jan 19, 2025 · fs: relax assertions on failure to encode file handles
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-57929Jan 19, 2025 · dm array: fix releasing a faulty array block twice in dm_array_cursor_end
    28Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21655Jan 20, 2025 · io_uring/eventfd: ensure io_eventfd_signal() defers another RCU period
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux146c76866795553dbc19998f36718d7986ad302bVendor (CNA)
Linux Linux479a2cf5259347d6a1f658b0f791d27a34908e91Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxc357648929c8dff891502349769aafb8f0452bc2Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxcb4d00b563675ba8ff6ef94b077f58d816f68ba3Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxdf650d6a4bf47248261b61ef6b174d7c54034d15Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxe4d71d6a9c7db93f7bf20c3a0f0659d63d7de681Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf6c383b8c31a93752a52697f8430a71dcbc46adfVendor (CNA)
debian:linux6.1.64-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150600.8.26.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.38.1.150600.12.16.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source-azure6.4.0-150600.8.26.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms-azure6.4.0-150600.8.26.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb5.14.21-150500.55.116.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150600.8.26.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Public Cloud 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default5.14.21-150500.55.116.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base5.14.21-150500.55.116.1.150500.6.55.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.5Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.38.1.150600.12.16.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs5.14.21-150500.55.116.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.38.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_601-150300.7.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3Package registry (OSV)

+11

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

—

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records