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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Linux

CVE-2023-52610: net/sched: act_ct: fix skb leak and crash on ooo frags

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.64% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 51.1% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Linux Linux 0b5b831122fc3789fff75be433ba3e4dd7b779d4, 172ba7d46c202e679f3ccb10264c67416aaeb1c4, 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 7.5, NVD 5.5.
  • Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 0b5b831122fc3789fff75be433ba3e4dd7b779d4, 172ba7d46c202e679f3ccb10264c67416aaeb1c4, 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/sched: act_ct: fix skb leak and crash on ooo frags act_ct adds skb->users before defragmentation. If frags arrive in order, the last frag's reference is reset in: inet_frag_reasm_prepare skb_morph which is not straightforward. However when frags arrive out of order, nobody unref the last frag, and all frags are leaked. The situation is even worse, as initiating packet capture can lead to a crash[0] when skb has been cloned and shared at the same time. Fix the issue by removing skb_get() before defragmentation. act_ct returns TC_ACT_CONSUMED when defrag failed or in progress. [0]: [ 843.804823] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 843.809659] kernel BUG at net/core/skbuff.c:2091! [ 843.814516] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP [ 843.819296] CPU: 7 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/7 Kdump: loaded Tainted: G S 6.7.0-rc3 #2 [ 843.824107] Hardware name: XFUSION 1288H V6/BC13MBSBD, BIOS 1.29 11/25/2022 [ 843.828953] RIP: 0010:pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.833805] Code: 8b 70 28 48 85 f6 74 82 48 83 c6 08 bf 01 00 00 00 e8 38 bd ff ff 8b 83 c0 00 00 00 48 03 83 c8 00 00 00 e9 62 ff ff ff 0f 0b <0f> 0b e8 8d d0 ff ff e9 b3 fd ff ff 81 7c 24 14 40 01 00 00 4c 89 [ 843.843698] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000cce07c0 EFLAGS: 00010202 [ 843.848524] RAX: 0000000000000002 RBX: ffff88811a211d00 RCX: 0000000000000820 [ 843.853299] RDX: 0000000000000640 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88811a211d00 [ 843.857974] RBP: ffff888127d39518 R08: 00000000bee97314 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 843.862584] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffff8881109f0000 R12: 0000000000000880 [ 843.867147] R13: ffff888127d39580 R14: 0000000000000640 R15: ffff888170f7b900 [ 843.871680] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff889ffffc0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 843.876242] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 843.880778] CR2: 00007fa42affcfb8 CR3: 000000011433a002 CR4: 0000000000770ef0 [ 843.885336] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 843.889809] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 843.894229] PKRU: 55555554 [ 843.898539] Call Trace: [ 843.902772] <IRQ> [ 843.906922] ? __die_body+0x1e/0x60 [ 843.911032] ? die+0x3c/0x60 [ 843.915037] ? do_trap+0xe2/0x110 [ 843.918911] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.922687] ? do_error_trap+0x65/0x80 [ 843.926342] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.929905] ? exc_invalid_op+0x50/0x60 [ 843.933398] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.936835] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20 [ 843.940226] ? pskb_expand_head+0x2ac/0x300 [ 843.943580] inet_frag_reasm_prepare+0xd1/0x240 [ 843.946904] ip_defrag+0x5d4/0x870 [ 843.950132] nf_ct_handle_fragments+0xec/0x130 [nf_conntrack] [ 843.953334] tcf_ct_act+0x252/0xd90 [act_ct] [ 843.956473] ? tcf_mirred_act+0x516/0x5a0 [act_mirred] [ 843.959657] tcf_action_exec+0xa1/0x160 [ 843.962823] fl_classify+0x1db/0x1f0 [cls_flower] [ 843.966010] ? skb_clone+0x53/0xc0 [ 843.969173] tcf_classify+0x24d/0x420 [ 843.972333] tc_run+0x8f/0xf0 [ 843.975465] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x67a/0x1080 [ 843.978634] ? dev_gro_receive+0x249/0x730 [ 843.981759] __netif_receive_skb_list_core+0x12d/0x260 [ 843.984869] netif_receive_skb_list_internal+0x1cb/0x2f0 [ 843.987957] ? mlx5e_handle_rx_cqe_mpwrq_rep+0xfa/0x1a0 [mlx5_core] [ 843.991170] napi_complete_done+0x72/0x1a0 [ 843.994305] mlx5e_napi_poll+0x28c/0x6d0 [mlx5_core] [ 843.997501] __napi_poll+0x25/0x1b0 [ 844.000627] net_rx_action+0x256/0x330 [ 844.003705] __do_softirq+0xb3/0x29b [ 844.006718] irq_exit_rcu+0x9e/0xc0 [ 844.009672] common_interrupt+0x86/0xa0 [ 844.012537] </IRQ> [ 844.015285] <TASK> [ 844.017937] asm_common_interrupt+0x26/0x40 [ 844.020591] RIP: 0010:acpi_safe_halt+0x1b/0x20 [ 844.023247] Code: ff 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 65 48 8b 04 25 00 18 03 00 48 8b 00 a8 08 75 0c 66 90 0f 00 2d 81 d0 44 00 fb ---truncated---

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 18, 2024
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 51th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.5
CNA · Linux
7.5
2.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • linux linux kernel5.3 and later · before 5.15.148
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.75
  • linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.6.14
  • linux linux kernel6.7 and later · before 6.7.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Linux Linux

    • 5.3affected
    • b57dc7c13ea90e09ae15f821d2583fa0231b4935 and later · before 172ba7d46c202e679f3ccb10264c67416aaeb1c4affected · git
    • b57dc7c13ea90e09ae15f821d2583fa0231b4935 and later · before 0b5b831122fc3789fff75be433ba3e4dd7b779d4affected · git
    • b57dc7c13ea90e09ae15f821d2583fa0231b4935 and later · before 73f7da5fd124f2cda9161e2e46114915e6e82e97affected · git
    • b57dc7c13ea90e09ae15f821d2583fa0231b4935 and later · before f5346df0591d10bc948761ca854b1fae6d2ef441affected · git
    • b57dc7c13ea90e09ae15f821d2583fa0231b4935 and later · before 3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6affected · git
    • before 5.3not affected · semver
    • 5.15.148 and later · up to and including 5.15.*not affected · semver
    • 6.1.75 and later · up to and including 6.1.*not affected · semver
    • 6.6.14 and later · up to and including 6.6.*not affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12linuxbefore 6.1.76-16.1.76-1
Debian:13linuxbefore 6.6.15-16.6.15-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-azurebefore 5.14.21-150500.33.69.15.14.21-150500.33.69.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-rt_debugbefore 5.14.21-150500.13.73.15.14.21-150500.13.73.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-source-azurebefore 5.14.21-150500.33.69.15.14.21-150500.33.69.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-source-rtbefore 5.14.21-150500.13.73.15.14.21-150500.13.73.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-syms-azurebefore 5.14.21-150500.33.69.15.14.21-150500.33.69.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5kernel-syms-rtbefore 5.14.21-150500.13.73.15.14.21-150500.13.73.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6dtb-aarch64before 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-64kbbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.14.16.4.0-150600.8.14.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-defaultbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-default-basebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.1.150600.12.10.26.4.0-150600.23.25.1.150600.12.10.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-docsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.26.4.0-150600.23.25.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-kvmsmallbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-buildbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.26.4.0-150600.23.25.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-obs-qabefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.14.16.4.0-150600.10.14.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-rt_debugbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.14.16.4.0-150600.10.14.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-sourcebefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-azurebefore 6.4.0-150600.8.14.16.4.0-150600.8.14.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-source-rtbefore 6.4.0-150600.10.14.16.4.0-150600.10.14.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6kernel-symsbefore 6.4.0-150600.23.25.16.4.0-150600.23.25.1

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV
    90Now
  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-47135Mar 15, 2024 · mt76: mt7921: fix possible AOOB issue in mt7921_mcu_tx_rate_report
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-52609Mar 18, 2024 · binder: fix race between mmput() and do_exit()
    18Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-52611Mar 18, 2024 · wifi: rtw88: sdio: Honor the host max_req_size in the RX path
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Linux Linux0b5b831122fc3789fff75be433ba3e4dd7b779d4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux172ba7d46c202e679f3ccb10264c67416aaeb1c4Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux3f14b377d01d8357eba032b4cabc8c1149b458b6Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linux73f7da5fd124f2cda9161e2e46114915e6e82e97Vendor (CNA)
Linux Linuxf5346df0591d10bc948761ca854b1fae6d2ef441Vendor (CNA)
almalinux:kernel-rt4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-core4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-core4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-devel4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-kvm4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-modules4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-devel4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-kvm4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-modules4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-rt-modules-extra4.18.0-553.5.1.rt7.346.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux6.1.76-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch646.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb6.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure6.4.0-150600.8.14.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug6.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default6.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base6.4.0-150600.23.25.1.150600.12.10.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs6.4.0-150600.23.25.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall6.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build6.4.0-150600.23.25.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa6.4.0-150600.23.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source-azure6.4.0-150600.8.14.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms-azure6.4.0-150600.8.14.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)

+24

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-401 · Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records