NVD / CVE Program· CNA apple

CVE-2023-41991: A certificate validation issue was addressed.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 56/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Sep 25, 2023). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 16, 2023.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 13.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 96.4% of all records.
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Weak crypto

BDU:2023-06111

Published: Sep 21, 2023
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 13.3% · 96th percentile
CWE: CWE-295

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 4 / 30 · 13.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Sep 25, 2023. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Oct 16, 2023.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
apple	ipados	cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados
apple	iphone os	cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os
apple	macos	cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos

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This vulnerability is about certificate validation or weak cryptography. The free SSL checker tests your certificate, enabled TLS versions and weak ciphers.

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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Apple iOS and iPadOS
- unspecified and later · before 16.7affected
Apple macOS
- unspecified and later · before 13.6affected

Affected versions · NVD (5)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

apple ipadosbefore 16.7
apple ipados17.0
apple iphone osbefore 16.7
apple iphone os17.0
apple macos13.0 and later · before 13.6

Same product

apple: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-43300An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking.KEV
89Now
CVE-2021-30860An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV
84Now
CVE-2023-32434An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation.KEV
78This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2023-40442Sep 11, 2023 · A privacy issue was addressed with improved private data redaction for log entries.
13Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2023-41990Sep 11, 2023 · The issue was addressed with improved handling of caches.KEV
61This week
Later →CVE-2023-41992Sep 21, 2023 · The issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV
64This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×3

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	3 repositories	2023-11-28 → 2026-10-15

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedSep 21, 2023
CISA KEVSep 25, 2023+3 d
First PoCNov 28, 2023+67 d
TodayNov 14, 2026+1150 d

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-23-0551 · Sep 22, 2023(Apple Güvenlik Güncellemesi)

All national notices →

Not on record for this CVE: patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: none
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: none

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: None
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

A certificate validation error is silently swallowed instead of terminating the connection. Often, code added for a test environment makes its way into production.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-295 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

kotlin

1override fun checkServerTrusted(chain: Array<X509Certificate>, type: String) {
2  // Left empty for the test environment
3}

Fixed

kotlin

1val client = OkHttpClient.Builder()
2  .certificatePinner(
3    CertificatePinner.Builder()
4      .add("api.sirius.example", "sha256/…")
5      .build()
6  ).build()

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log (0)

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records