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NVD / CVE Program· CNA apple

CVE-2023-28204: An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 60/100)

  • CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (May 22, 2023). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Jun 12, 2023.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 14.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 96.6% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: webkit2gtk3 (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4; webkit2gtk3-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4; webkit2gtk3-jsc (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4.
  • Mentioned 3 times in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to webkit2gtk3 (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4; webkit2gtk3-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4; webkit2gtk3-jsc (AlmaLinux:8) 2.38.5-1.el8_8.4 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing web content may disclose sensitive information. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

Published
Jun 23, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
14.2% · 96th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

60

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
4 / 30 · 14.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on May 22, 2023. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Jun 12, 2023.

Get told when this record changes

  • In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-28204

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
applesafari
appleipados
appleiphone os
applemacos
appletvos
applewatchos
webkitgtkwebkitgtk\+

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apple). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Apple iOS and iPadOS

    • unspecified and later · before 15.7affected
    • unspecified and later · before 16.5affected

  • Apple macOS

    • unspecified and later · before 13.4affected

  • Apple Safari

    • unspecified and later · before 16.5affected

  • Apple tvOS

    • unspecified and later · before 16.5affected

  • Apple watchOS

    • unspecified and later · before 9.5affected
Affected versions · NVD (9)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • apple ipadosbefore 15.7.6
  • apple ipados16.0 and later · before 16.5
  • apple iphone osbefore 15.7.6
  • apple iphone os16.0 and later · before 16.5
  • apple macos13.0 and later · before 13.4
  • apple safaribefore 16.5
  • apple tvosbefore 16.5
  • apple watchosbefore 9.5
  • webkitgtk webkitgtk+before 2.42.3

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8webkit2gtk3before 2.38.5-1.el8_8.42.38.5-1.el8_8.4
AlmaLinux:8webkit2gtk3-develbefore 2.38.5-1.el8_8.42.38.5-1.el8_8.4
AlmaLinux:8webkit2gtk3-jscbefore 2.38.5-1.el8_8.42.38.5-1.el8_8.4
AlmaLinux:8webkit2gtk3-jsc-develbefore 2.38.5-1.el8_8.42.38.5-1.el8_8.4
AlmaLinux:9webkit2gtk3before 2.38.5-1.el9_2.22.38.5-1.el9_2.2
AlmaLinux:9webkit2gtk3-develbefore 2.38.5-1.el9_2.22.38.5-1.el9_2.2
AlmaLinux:9webkit2gtk3-jscbefore 2.38.5-1.el9_2.22.38.5-1.el9_2.2
AlmaLinux:9webkit2gtk3-jsc-develbefore 2.38.5-1.el9_2.22.38.5-1.el9_2.2
Debian:11webkit2gtkbefore 2.40.2-1~deb11u12.40.2-1~deb11u1
Debian:12webkit2gtkbefore 2.40.2-1~deb12u12.40.2-1~deb12u1
Debian:12wpewebkitfrom 0—
Debian:13webkit2gtkbefore 2.40.2-12.40.2-1
Debian:13wpewebkitbefore 2.40.2-22.40.2-2
openSUSE:Leap 15.4webkit2gtk3before 2.38.6-150200.75.22.38.6-150200.75.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.4webkit2gtk3before 2.38.6-150400.4.42.42.38.6-150400.4.42.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.4webkit2gtk3-soup2before 2.38.6-150400.4.42.42.38.6-150400.4.42.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.4webkit2gtk4before 2.38.6-150400.4.42.42.38.6-150400.4.42.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3before 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-debuginfobefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-debugsourcebefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-develbefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-devel-debuginfobefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-jscbefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamwebkit2gtk3-jsc-debuginfobefore 0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.40:2.38.5-1.el8_8.4

+19

Same product

apple: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-43529A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV
    73This week
  • CVE-2023-28205A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV
    73This week
  • CVE-2023-32439A type confusion issue was addressed with improved checks.KEV
    72This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-27954May 8, 2023 · The issue was addressed by removing origin information.
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-28201May 8, 2023 · This issue was addressed with improved state management.
    39Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-32373Jun 23, 2023 · A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management.KEV
    69This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:webkit2gtk32.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:webkit2gtk3-devel2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:webkit2gtk3-jsc2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:webkit2gtk2.40.2-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:wpewebkit2.40.2-2 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:webkit2gtk32.38.6-150200.75.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:webkit2gtk3-soup22.38.6-150400.4.42.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:webkit2gtk42.38.6-150400.4.42.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk30:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-debuginfo0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-debugsource0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-devel0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-devel-debuginfo0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-debuginfo0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:webkit2gtk3-jsc-devel-debuginfo0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:webkit2gtk30:2.38.5-1.el9_2.2 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
suse:webkit2gtk32.38.6-150200.75.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:webkit2gtk32.38.6-2.139.1 · SUSE:OpenStack Cloud 9Package registry (OSV)
suse:webkit2gtk3-soup22.38.6-150400.4.42.4 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:webkit2gtk42.38.6-150400.4.42.4 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. CISA KEV-33 d
  2. Published
  3. TodayNov 14, 2026+1239 d

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (7 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records