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CVE-2023-2291· NVD / CVE Program· CNA tenable

Static credentials exist in the PostgreSQL data used in ManageEngine Access Manager Plus (AMP) build 4309, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro

Static credentials exist in the PostgreSQL data used in ManageEngine Access Manager Plus (AMP) build 4309, ManageEngine Password Manager Pro, and ManageEngine PAM360. These credentials could allow a malicious actor to modify configuration data that would escalate their permissions from that of a low-privileged user to an Administrative user.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Apr 26, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.8% · 56th percentile
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Report tools

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Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Affected systems

VendorProduct
zohocorpmanageengine access manager plus
zohocorpmanageengine pam360
zohocorpmanageengine password manager pro

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • zohocorp manageengine access manager plus4.3
  • zohocorp manageengine pam360all versions
  • zohocorp manageengine password manager proall versions

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (tenable). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a Zoho ManageEngine Multiple Products

    • Allaffected

Same product

zohocorp: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-47966Multiple Zoho ManageEngine on-premise products, such as ServiceDesk Plus through 14003, allow remote code execution due to use of Apache SanKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2022-35405Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro before 12101 and PAM360 before 5510 are vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution.KEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2022-40300Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro through 12120 before 12121, PAM360 through 5550 before 5600, and Access Manager Plus through 4304 bef
    69This week
  • CVE-2022-29081Zoho ManageEngine Access Manager Plus before 4302, Password Manager Pro before 12007, and PAM360 before 5401 are vulnerable to access-contro
    64This week
  • CVE-2022-43671Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro before 12122, PAM360 before 5711, and Access Manager Plus before 4306 allow SQL Injection.
    61This week
  • CVE-2022-43672Zoho ManageEngine Password Manager Pro before 12122, PAM360 before 5711, and Access Manager Plus before 4306 allow SQL Injection (in a diffe
    59Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-798 · Use of Hard-coded Credentials

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

For convenience in support or manufacturing, an account that is identical on every device is embedded in the software. Credentials learned from one device work on all of them.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-798 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
const SUPPORT_USER = "support";const SUPPORT_PASS = "hardcoded-password";

Fixed

ts
const creds = await provisioning.deviceCredentials(deviceId);if (creds.mustRotate) await forcePasswordChange(deviceId);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

All records