Use-after-free in Linux kernel's Performance Events subsystem
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.25% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: bpftool (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8; kernel (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8; kernel-abi-stablelists (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8.
- Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Low priority for now. Upgrade to bpftool (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8; kernel (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8; kernel-abi-stablelists (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
A use-after-free vulnerability in the Linux Kernel Performance Events system can be exploited to achieve local privilege escalation. The perf_group_detach function did not check the event's siblings' attach_state before calling add_event_to_groups(), but remove_on_exec made it possible to call list_del_event() on before detaching from their group, making it possible to use a dangling pointer causing a use-after-free vulnerability. We recommend upgrading past commit fd0815f632c24878e325821943edccc7fde947a2.
- BDU:2023-02407
- ALSA-2023:3708
- ALSA-2023:3723
- ALSA-2023:4517
- ALSA-2023:4541
- RHSA-2023:3705
- RHSA-2023:3708
- RHSA-2023:3723
- RHSA-2023:4137
- RHSA-2023:4138
- RHSA-2023:4517
- RHSA-2023:4541
- RHSA-2023:5627
- RLSA-2023:4517
- RLSA-2023:4541
- SUSE-SU-2023:2140-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2141-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2231-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:3055-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:3063-1
- Published
- May 1, 2023
- Updated
- Aug 7, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 15th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 7.8
- CNA · Google
- 7.8
- agree
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel5.13 and later · before 5.15.104
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.1.21
- linux linux kernel6.2 and later · before 6.2.8
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Google). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux Kernel
- 5.13 and later · before 6.3affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | bpftool | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-abi-stablelists | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-core | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-cross-headers | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-core | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-devel | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-modules | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-debug-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-devel | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-doc | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-modules | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-core | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-core | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-devel | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-kvm | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-modules | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-devel | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | kernel-rt-kvm | before 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 | 4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 |
+96
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
- CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV83Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-0458Apr 26, 2023 · Spectre V1 Gadget in do_prlimit in the Linux Kernel18Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-31436Apr 28, 2023 · qfq_change_class in net/sched/sch_qfq.c in the Linux kernel before 6.2.13 allows an out-of-bounds write because lmax can exceed QFQ_MIN_LMAX31Monitor
- Later →CVE-2023-2236May 1, 2023 · Use-after-free in Linux kernel's Performance Events subsystem31Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:kernel-rt | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-core | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-core | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-devel | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-kvm | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-modules | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-modules-core | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-devel | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-kvm | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:kernel-rt-modules | 5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.25-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:dtb-aarch64 | 5.14.21-150400.24.63.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default | 5.14.21-150400.24.63.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:kernel-default-base | 5.14.21-150400.24.63.1.150400.24.27.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-core | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-core | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-kvm | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-modules | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-rt-debug-modules-core | 0:5.14.0-284.18.1.rt14.303.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::nfv | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_11_1 | 0:1-1.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_11_1-debuginfo | 0:1-1.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kpatch-patch-5_14_0-284_11_1-debugsource | 0:1-1.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:kernel | 0:4.18.0-477.21.1.el8_8 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:kernel-rt | 0:4.18.0-477.21.1.rt7.284.el8_8 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
+9
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- Budimir Markovicfinder
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-23-0391 · Jul 10, 2023(Linux Kernel Güncellemesi)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);/* ... another thread is still running ... */process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);free(dev->buf);dev->buf = NULL;unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (2 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.