CVE-2022-48991: mm/khugepaged: invoke MMU notifiers in shmem/file collapse paths
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.25% (FIRST EPSS).
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: Linux Linux 1a3f8c6cd29d9078cc81b29d39d0e9ae1d6a03c3, 275c626c131cfe141beeb6c575e31fa53d32da19, 5450535901d89a5dcca5fbbc59a24fe89caeb465.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Linux Linux 1a3f8c6cd29d9078cc81b29d39d0e9ae1d6a03c3, 275c626c131cfe141beeb6c575e31fa53d32da19, 5450535901d89a5dcca5fbbc59a24fe89caeb465 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/khugepaged: invoke MMU notifiers in shmem/file collapse paths Any codepath that zaps page table entries must invoke MMU notifiers to ensure that secondary MMUs (like KVM) don't keep accessing pages which aren't mapped anymore. Secondary MMUs don't hold their own references to pages that are mirrored over, so failing to notify them can lead to page use-after-free. I'm marking this as addressing an issue introduced in commit f3f0e1d2150b ("khugepaged: add support of collapse for tmpfs/shmem pages"), but most of the security impact of this only came in commit 27e1f8273113 ("khugepaged: enable collapse pmd for pte-mapped THP"), which actually omitted flushes for the removal of present PTEs, not just for the removal of empty page tables.
- Published
- Oct 21, 2024
- Updated
- Aug 5, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.2% · 16th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-416
Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 7.8
- CNA · Linux
- 8.8
- 1.0 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens
Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| linux | linux kernel | cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- linux linux kernel4.8 and later · before 4.9.337
- linux linux kernel4.10 and later · before 4.14.303
- linux linux kernel4.15 and later · before 4.19.270
- linux linux kernel4.20 and later · before 5.4.227
- linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.159
- linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.83
- linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 6.0.13
- linux linux kernel6.1
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Linux). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Linux Linux
- 4.8affected
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before 275c626c131cfe141beeb6c575e31fa53d32da19affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before c23105673228c349739e958fa33955ed8faddcafaffected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before ff2a1a6f869650aec99e9d070b5ab625bfbc5bc3affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before 5ffc2a75534d9d74d49760f983f8eb675fa63d69affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before 7f445ca2e0e59c7971d0b7b853465e50844ab596affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before 1a3f8c6cd29d9078cc81b29d39d0e9ae1d6a03c3affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before 5450535901d89a5dcca5fbbc59a24fe89caeb465affected · git
- f3f0e1d2150b2b99da2cbdfaad000089efe9bf30 and later · before f268f6cf875f3220afc77bdd0bf1bb136eb54db9affected · git
- before 4.8not affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | before 6.1.4-1 | 6.1.4-1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | bpftool-debuginfo | before 0:7.2.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:7.2.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-devel | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-devel | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-64k-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debug-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debug-devel | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debug-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64 | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-devel | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-doc | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-tools-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-zfcpdump-devel | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | libperf-debuginfo | before 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 |
+75
Same product
linux: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-31431crypto: algif_aead - Revert to operating out-of-placeKEV90Now
- CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV89Now
- CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV85Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-48989Oct 21, 2024 · fscache: Fix oops due to race with cookie_lru and use_cookie18Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-48990Oct 21, 2024 · drm/amdgpu: fix use-after-free during gpu recovery31Monitor
- Later →CVE-2022-48992Oct 21, 2024 · ASoC: soc-pcm: Add NULL check in BE reparenting22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Linux Linux | 1a3f8c6cd29d9078cc81b29d39d0e9ae1d6a03c3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 275c626c131cfe141beeb6c575e31fa53d32da19 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5450535901d89a5dcca5fbbc59a24fe89caeb465 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 5ffc2a75534d9d74d49760f983f8eb675fa63d69 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | 7f445ca2e0e59c7971d0b7b853465e50844ab596 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | c23105673228c349739e958fa33955ed8faddcaf | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | f268f6cf875f3220afc77bdd0bf1bb136eb54db9 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Linux Linux | ff2a1a6f869650aec99e9d070b5ab625bfbc5bc3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| debian:linux | 6.1.4-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:bpftool-debuginfo | 0:7.2.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64 | 0:5.14.0-362.8.1.el9_3 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-64kb | 5.3.18-150300.59.182.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default | 5.3.18-150200.24.209.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-default-base | 5.3.18-150200.24.209.1.150200.9.109.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-docs | 5.3.18-150200.24.209.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP2_Update_54 | 1-150200.5.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_50 | 1-150300.7.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-obs-build | 5.3.18-150200.24.209.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-preempt | 5.3.18-150200.24.209.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:kernel-rt | 5.3.18-150300.191.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
+3
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-416 · Use After FreeCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-416 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
free(dev->buf);
/* ... another thread is still running ... */
process(dev->buf);Fixed
lock(&dev->lock);
free(dev->buf);
dev->buf = NULL;
unlock(&dev->lock);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (7 more)Show less
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/275c626c131cfe141beeb6c575e31fa53d32da19
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/5450535901d89a5dcca5fbbc59a24fe89caeb465
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ffc2a75534d9d74d49760f983f8eb675fa63d69
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f445ca2e0e59c7971d0b7b853465e50844ab596
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/c23105673228c349739e958fa33955ed8faddcaf
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/f268f6cf875f3220afc77bdd0bf1bb136eb54db9
- git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff2a1a6f869650aec99e9d070b5ab625bfbc5bc3
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.