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CVE-2022-25636· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

net/netfilter/nf_dup_netdev.c in the Linux kernel 5.4 through 5.6.10 allows local users to gain privileges because of a heap out-of-bounds w

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2.6% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 85.3% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: kernel-tools-libs-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5; linux (Debian:11) 5.10.103-1; linux (Debian:12) 5.16.11-1.
  • Mentioned 2 times in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Upgrade to kernel-tools-libs-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5; linux (Debian:11) 5.10.103-1; linux (Debian:12) 5.16.11-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

net/netfilter/nf_dup_netdev.c in the Linux kernel 5.4 through 5.6.10 allows local users to gain privileges because of a heap out-of-bounds write. This is related to nf_tables_offload.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Feb 24, 2022
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.6% · 85th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.6%

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2022-25636

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  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
linuxlinux kernel
debiandebian linux
netapph300e
netapph300s
netapph410c
netapph410s
netapph500e
netapph500s
netapph700e
netapph700s
oraclecommunications cloud native core binding support function
oraclecommunications cloud native core network exposure function

and 1 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • linux linux kernel5.5 and later · before 5.10.103
  • linux linux kernel5.11 and later · before 5.15.26
  • linux linux kernel5.16 and later · before 5.16.12
  • linux linux kernel5.4 and later · before 5.4.182
  • netapp h300eall versions
  • netapp h300sall versions
  • netapp h410call versions
  • netapp h410sall versions
  • netapp h500eall versions
  • netapp h500sall versions
  • netapp h700eall versions
  • netapp h700sall versions
  • oracle communications cloud native core binding support function22.1.3
  • oracle communications cloud native core network exposure function22.1.1
  • oracle communications cloud native core policy22.2.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8kernel-tools-libs-develbefore 4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_54.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5
Debian:11linuxbefore 5.10.103-15.10.103-1
Debian:12linuxbefore 5.16.11-15.16.11-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.3dtb-aarch64before 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-64kbbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-azurebefore 5.3.18-150300.38.50.15.3.18-150300.38.50.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-debugbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-defaultbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-default-basebefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.4.150300.18.37.55.3.18-150300.59.60.4.150300.18.37.5
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-docsbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-kvmsmallbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-obs-buildbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-obs-qabefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-preemptbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-sourcebefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-source-azurebefore 5.3.18-150300.38.50.15.3.18-150300.38.50.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-symsbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-syms-azurebefore 5.3.18-150300.38.50.15.3.18-150300.38.50.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.3kernel-zfcpdumpbefore 5.3.18-150300.59.60.45.3.18-150300.59.60.4
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosbpftoolbefore 0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_50:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseosbpftool-debuginfobefore 0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_50:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoskernelbefore 0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_50:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoskernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_50:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseoskernel-corebefore 0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_50:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5

+96

Same product

linux: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-0847A flaw was found in the way the "flags" member of the new pipe buffer structure was lacking proper initialization in copy_page_to_iter_pipe KEV
    89Now
  • CVE-2021-22555Heap Out-Of-Bounds Write in Netfilter IP6T_SO_SET_REPLACEKEV
    85Now
  • CVE-2016-5195Race condition in mm/gup.c in the Linux kernel 2.x through 4.x before 4.8.3 allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging incorrect haKEV
    83Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-4090Feb 18, 2022 · An out-of-bounds (OOB) memory write flaw was found in the NFSD in the Linux kernel.
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-25375Feb 20, 2022 · An issue was discovered in drivers/usb/gadget/function/rndis.c in the Linux kernel before 5.16.10.
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2020-36516Feb 26, 2022 · An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 5.16.11.
    23Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:kernel-tools-libs-devel4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5 · AlmaLinux:8Package registry (OSV)
debian:linux5.16.11-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:dtb-aarch645.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-64kb5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-azure5.3.18-150300.38.50.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-debug5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-default-base5.3.18-150300.59.60.4.150300.18.37.5 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-docs5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-kvmsmall5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-build5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-obs-qa5.3.18-150300.59.60.4 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-source-azure5.3.18-150300.38.50.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:kernel-syms-azure5.3.18-150300.38.50.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-core0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-core0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-debuginfo0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-devel0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-kvm0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-modules0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debug-modules-extra0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debuginfo0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-debuginfo-common-x86_640:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-rt-devel0:4.18.0-305.45.1.rt7.117.el8_4 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.4::nfvPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:kernel0:4.18.0-348.23.1.el8_5 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:kernel-rt0:4.18.0-348.23.1.rt7.153.el8_5 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_013-150200.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3Package registry (OSV)
suse:kernel-livepatch-SLE15-SP3_Update_111-150300.2.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP3Package registry (OSV)

+10

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×3

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:4382022-03-07
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:32022-03-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:192022-04-05

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+11 d
  3. TodayOct 25, 2026+1704 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-269 · Improper Privilege Management

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

To simplify setup, a service account is granted broad, cluster-wide permissions. The principle of least privilege is skipped during installation.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-269 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

yaml
kind: ClusterRolerules:  - apiGroups: ["*"]    resources: ["*"]    verbs: ["*"]

Fixed

yaml
kind: Rolemetadata:  namespace: lodos-systemrules:  - apiGroups: ["apps"]    resources: ["deployments"]    verbs: ["get", "list", "update"]

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records