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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2022-23634: Information Exposure when using Puma with Rails

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2.1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 81.6% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: puma (Debian:10) 3.12.0-2+deb10u3; puma (Debian:11) 4.3.8-1+deb11u2; puma (Debian:12) 5.6.4-1.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 8.0, NVD 5.9.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to puma (Debian:10) 3.12.0-2+deb10u3; puma (Debian:11) 4.3.8-1+deb11u2; puma (Debian:12) 5.6.4-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. Prior to `puma` version `5.6.2`, `puma` may not always call `close` on the response body. Rails, prior to version `7.0.2.2`, depended on the response body being closed in order for its `CurrentAttributes` implementation to work correctly. The combination of these two behaviors (Puma not closing the body + Rails' Executor implementation) causes information leakage. This problem is fixed in Puma versions 5.6.2 and 4.3.11. This problem is fixed in Rails versions 7.02.2, 6.1.4.6, 6.0.4.6, and 5.2.6.2. Upgrading to a patched Rails _or_ Puma version fixes the vulnerability.

MediumCVSS 5.9 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 11, 2022
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.1% · 81th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
23 / 40 · 5.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
5.9
CNA · GitHub_M
8.0
2.1 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2022-23634

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
pumapuma
rubyonrailsrails
debiandebian linux
fedoraprojectfedora

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux10.0
  • debian debian linux11.0
  • debian debian linux9.0
  • fedoraproject fedora35
  • fedoraproject fedora36
  • fedoraproject fedora37
  • puma puma5.0.0 and later · before 5.6.2
  • puma pumabefore 4.3.11
  • rubyonrails rails7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.2.2
  • rubyonrails rails6.1.0 and later · before 6.1.4.6
  • rubyonrails rails6.0.0 and later · before 6.0.4.6
  • rubyonrails rails5.0.0 and later · before 5.2.6.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • puma puma

    • >= 5.0.0, < 5.6.2, < 4.3.11affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:10pumabefore 3.12.0-2+deb10u33.12.0-2+deb10u3
Debian:11pumabefore 4.3.8-1+deb11u24.3.8-1+deb11u2
Debian:12pumabefore 5.6.4-15.6.4-1
Debian:9pumabefore 3.6.0-1+deb9u23.6.0-1+deb9u2
openSUSE:Leap 15.3rubygem-pumabefore 4.3.11-150000.3.6.24.3.11-150000.3.6.2
openSUSE:Tumbleweedruby3.2-rubygem-pumabefore 6.0.0-2.16.0.0-2.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedrubygem-pumabefore 6.4.3-1.56.4.3-1.5
openSUSE:Tumbleweedrubygem-pumabefore 5.6.2-1.15.6.2-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedrubygem-pumabefore 6.4.2-1.16.4.2-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedrubygem-pumabefore 6.4.3-1.36.4.3-1.3
RubyGemsactionpackfrom 5.0.0.0 · before 5.2.6.25.2.6.2
RubyGemsactionpackfrom 6.0.0.0 · before 6.0.4.66.0.4.6
RubyGemsactionpackfrom 6.1.0.0 · before 6.1.4.66.1.4.6
RubyGemsactionpackfrom 7.0.0.0 · before 7.0.2.27.0.2.2
RubyGemspumafrom 5.0.0 · before 5.6.25.6.2
RubyGemspumabefore 4.3.114.3.11
SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15rubygem-pumabefore 4.3.11-150000.3.6.24.3.11-150000.3.6.2

Same product

puma: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-29509May 11, 2021 · Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service in puma
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-41136Oct 12, 2021 · Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') in puma
    14Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-21647Jan 8, 2024 · HTTP Request/Response Smuggling in puma
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:puma5.6.4-1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:ruby3.2-rubygem-puma6.0.0-2.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:rubygem-puma4.3.11-150000.3.6.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.3Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:actionpack5.2.6.2Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:actionpack6.0.4.6Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:actionpack6.1.4.6Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:actionpack7.0.2.2Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:puma4.3.11Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:puma5.6.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:rubygem-puma4.3.11-150000.3.6.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

The extension requests broader permissions than its function needs and sends the data it collects out for purposes beyond its stated function.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-200 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

json
{  "permissions": ["tabs", "<all_urls>"],  "background": { "service_worker": "analytics.js" }}

Fixed

json
{  "permissions": ["activeTab"],  "host_permissions": ["https://yildiz.example/*"]}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (11 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records