Arbitrary command execution is possible in Git before 2.20.2, 2.21.x before 2.21.1, 2.22.x before 2.22.2, 2.23.x before 2.23.1, and 2.24.x b
Arbitrary command execution is possible in Git before 2.20.2, 2.21.x before 2.21.1, 2.22.x before 2.22.2, 2.23.x before 2.23.1, and 2.24.x before 2.24.1 because a "git submodule update" operation can run commands found in the .gitmodules file of a malicious repository.
- Published
- Dec 10, 2019
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 3.7% · 89th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-78
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Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 1 / 30 · 3.7%
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| git-scm | git | cpe:2.3:a:git-scm:git |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
| fedoraproject | fedora | cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora |
| opensuse | leap | cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:leap |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- debian debian linux10.0
- debian debian linux9.0
- fedoraproject fedora30
- fedoraproject fedora31
- git-scm git2.24.0 and later · before 2.24.1
- git-scm gitbefore 2.20.0
- git-scm git2.21.0 and later · before 2.21.1
- git-scm git2.22.0 and later · before 2.22.2
- git-scm git2.23.0 and later · before 2.23.1
- opensuse leap15.1
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alpine:v3.10 | git | from 2.21.0 · before 2.22.2-r0 | 2.22.2-r0 |
| Alpine:v3.11 | git | from 2.21.0 · before 2.24.1-r0 | 2.24.1-r0 |
| Debian:12 | git | before 1:2.24.0-2 | 1:2.24.0-2 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | git | before 2.26.1-lp151.4.9.1 | 2.26.1-lp151.4.9.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | git | before 2.16.4-lp151.4.3.1 | 2.16.4-lp151.4.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | perl-Authen-SASL | before 2.16-lp151.3.3.1 | 2.16-lp151.3.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | perl-Net-SMTP-SSL | before 1.04-lp151.3.3.1 | 1.04-lp151.3.3.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | git | before 2.33.0-1.3 | 2.33.0-1.3 |
| SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8 | git | before 2.12.3-27.22.1 | 2.12.3-27.22.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 | git | before 2.16.4-3.17.2 | 2.16.4-3.17.2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP1 | git | before 2.26.1-3.25.2 | 2.26.1-3.25.2 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 | perl-Authen-SASL | before 2.16-1.3.1 | 2.16-1.3.1 |
| SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 | perl-Net-SMTP-SSL | before 1.04-1.3.1 | 1.04-1.3.1 |
Same product
git-scm: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2018-17456Git before 2.14.5, 2.15.x before 2.15.3, 2.16.x before 2.16.5, 2.17.x before 2.17.2, 2.18.x before 2.18.1, and 2.19.x before 2.19.1 allows r68This week
- CVE-2025-48384Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quotingKEV63This week
- CVE-2017-1000117A malicious third-party can give a crafted "ssh://..." URL to an unsuspecting victim, and an attempt to visit the URL can result in any prog58Plan
- CVE-2021-21300malicious repositories can execute remote code while cloning57Plan
- CVE-2022-23521gitattributes parsing integer overflow in git56Plan
- CVE-2022-41903Integer overflow in `git archive`, `git log --format` leading to RCE in git52Plan
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| alpine:git | 2.22.2-r0 · Alpine:v3.10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:git | 1:2.24.0-2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:git | 2.16.4-lp151.4.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:perl-Authen-SASL | 2.16-lp151.3.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:perl-Net-SMTP-SSL | 1.04-lp151.3.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:git | 2.12.3-27.22.1 · SUSE:HPE Helion OpenStack 8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:perl-Authen-SASL | 2.16-1.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:perl-Net-SMTP-SSL | 1.04-1.3.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-20-009 · Jan 8, 2020(Git Zafiyeti)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Root cause
User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-78 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);Fixed
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Command DelimitersCAPEC-15likelihood: High · High
- Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation LayersCAPEC-43likelihood: Medium · High
- Argument InjectionCAPEC-6likelihood: High · High
- OS Command InjectionCAPEC-88likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00056.html
- lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-05/msg00003.html
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/12/13/1
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HCYSSCA5ZTEP46SB4XRPSQGFV2L3NKMZ/
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/N6UGTEOXWIYSM5KDZL74QD2GK6YQNQCP/
- public-inbox.org/git/xmqqr21cqcn9.fsf%40gitster-ct.c.googlers.com/
- raw.githubusercontent.com/git/git/master/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.1.txt
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-30
- www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4581
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.