When using FORM authentication with Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.29, 8.5.0 to 8.5.49 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.98 there was a narrow window where an
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 33/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 10.6% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 95.8% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
- Fixed version: tomcat9 (Debian:10) 9.0.31-1~deb10u1; tomcat9 (Debian:12) 9.0.31-1; tomcat7 (Debian:8) 7.0.56-3+really7.0.99-1.
- Mentioned 4 times in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Low priority for now. Upgrade to tomcat9 (Debian:10) 9.0.31-1~deb10u1; tomcat9 (Debian:12) 9.0.31-1; tomcat7 (Debian:8) 7.0.56-3+really7.0.99-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
When using FORM authentication with Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.29, 8.5.0 to 8.5.49 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.98 there was a narrow window where an attacker could perform a session fixation attack. The window was considered too narrow for an exploit to be practical but, erring on the side of caution, this issue has been treated as a security vulnerability.
- BDU:2020-01971
- GHSA-9xcj-c8cr-8c3c
- DLA-2077-1
- DLA-2209-1
- DSA-4596-1
- DSA-4680-1
- openSUSE-SU-2020:0038-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:11468-1
- RHSA-2020:0861
- RHSA-2020:1520
- RHSA-2020:4004
- RHSA-2021:0882
- RHSA-2021:1030
- SUSE-SU-2020:0029-1
- SUSE-SU-2020:0226-1
- SUSE-SU-2020:0632-1
- SUSE-SU-2020:1497-1
- SUSE-SU-2020:1498-1
- Published
- Dec 23, 2019
- Updated
- Oct 8, 2026
- EPSS
- 10.6% · 95th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-384
Report tools
Action score
33
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 3 / 30 · 10.6%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apache | tomcat | cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
| opensuse | leap | cpe:2.3:o:opensuse:leap |
| canonical | ubuntu linux | cpe:2.3:o:canonical:ubuntu_linux |
| oracle | agile engineering data management | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:agile_engineering_data_management |
| oracle | hyperion infrastructure technology | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:hyperion_infrastructure_technology |
| oracle | instantis enterprisetrack | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:instantis_enterprisetrack |
| oracle | micros relate crm software | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:micros_relate_crm_software |
| oracle | mysql enterprise monitor | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_enterprise_monitor |
| oracle | retail order broker | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_order_broker |
| oracle | transportation management | cpe:2.3:a:oracle:transportation_management |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apache tomcat7.0.0 and later · up to 7.0.98 inclusive
- apache tomcat8.5.0 and later · up to 8.5.49 inclusive
- apache tomcat9.0.0 and later · up to 9.0.29 inclusive
- canonical ubuntu linux16.04
- debian debian linux10.0
- debian debian linux8.0
- debian debian linux9.0
- opensuse leap15.1
- oracle agile engineering data management6.2.1.0
- oracle hyperion infrastructure technology11.1.2.4
- oracle instantis enterprisetrack17.1 and later · up to 17.3 inclusive
- oracle micros relate crm software11.4
- oracle mysql enterprise monitorup to 4.0.11.5331 inclusive
- oracle mysql enterprise monitor8.0.0 and later · up to 8.0.18.1217 inclusive
- oracle retail order broker15.0
- oracle transportation management6.3.7
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat
- 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.29, 8.5.0 to 8.5.49, 7.0.0 to 7.0.98affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:10 | tomcat9 | before 9.0.31-1~deb10u1 | 9.0.31-1~deb10u1 |
| Debian:12 | tomcat9 | before 9.0.31-1 | 9.0.31-1 |
| Debian:8 | tomcat7 | before 7.0.56-3+really7.0.99-1 | 7.0.56-3+really7.0.99-1 |
| Debian:8 | tomcat8 | before 8.0.14-1+deb8u17 | 8.0.14-1+deb8u17 |
| Debian:9 | tomcat8 | before 8.5.50-0+deb9u1 | 8.5.50-0+deb9u1 |
| Maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | from 8.0.0 · before 8.5.50 | 8.5.50 |
| Maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | from 9.0.0 · before 9.0.30 | 9.0.30 |
| Maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | before 7.0.99 | 7.0.99 |
| openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | tomcat | before 9.0.30-lp151.3.6.1 | 9.0.30-lp151.3.6.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | tomcat | before 9.0.36-8.4 | 9.0.36-8.4 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-admin-webapps | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-docs-webapp | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-el-2.2-api | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-javadoc | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-jsp-2.2-api | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-jsvc | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-lib | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-servlet-3.0-api | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:7::client | tomcat-webapps | before 0:7.0.76-15.el7 | 0:7.0.76-15.el7 |
| Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | tomcat-native | before 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 | 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 |
| Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | tomcat-native-debuginfo | before 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 | 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 |
| Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | tomcat7 | before 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 |
| Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | tomcat7-admin-webapps | before 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 |
+96
Same product
apache: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2025-24813Apache Tomcat: Potential RCE and/or information disclosure and/or information corruption with partial PUTKEV99Now
- CVE-2016-8735Remote code execution is possible with Apache Tomcat before 6.0.48, 7.x before 7.0.73, 8.x before 8.0.39, 8.5.x before 8.5.7, and 9.x beforeKEV96Now
- CVE-2017-12617When running Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0, 8.5.0 to 8.5.22, 8.0.0.RC1 to 8.0.46 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.81 with HTTP PUTs enabled (e.g.KEV92Now
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2019-0221May 28, 2019 · The SSI printenv command in Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.0.17, 8.5.0 to 8.5.39 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.93 echoes user provided data without escapi42Plan
- ← EarlierCVE-2019-10072Jun 21, 2019 · The fix for CVE-2019-0199 was incomplete and did not address HTTP/2 connection window exhaustion on write in Apache Tomcat versions 9.0.0.M152Plan
- Later →CVE-2019-12418Dec 23, 2019 · When Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.28, 8.5.0 to 8.5.47, 7.0.0 and 7.0.97 is configured with the JMX Remote Lifecycle Listener, a local attac28Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:tomcat7 | 7.0.56-3+really7.0.99-1 · Debian:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:tomcat8 | 8.0.14-1+deb8u17 · Debian:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:tomcat9 | 9.0.31-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 7.0.99 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 8.5.50 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 9.0.30 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:tomcat | 9.0.30-lp151.3.6.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat-native | 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat-native-debuginfo | 0:1.2.23-21.redhat_21.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7 | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-admin-webapps | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-docs-webapp | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-el-2.2-api | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-javadoc | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-jsp-2.2-api | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-jsvc | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-lib | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-log4j | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:tomcat7-selinux | 0:7.0.70-38.ep7.el6 · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:3.1::el6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:tomcat | 9.0.30-4.10.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Web and Scripting 15 SP1 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-20-812 · Sep 30, 2020(Apache, Tomcat için Güvenlik Güncellemeleri Yayınladı)
- TR-20-394 · May 29, 2020(Apache, Tomcat için Güvenlik Güncellemeleri Yayınladı)
- TR-20-056 · Jan 27, 2020(Apache, Tomcat için Güvenlik Güncellemeleri Yayınladı)
- TR-19-344 · Dec 29, 2019(Apache, Tomcat için Güvenlik Güncellemeleri Yayınladı)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- A user must open a link or visit a page.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- Required
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-384 · Session FixationCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Session Credential Falsification through ForgingCAPEC-196likelihood: Medium · Medium
- Exploitation of Trusted IdentifiersCAPEC-21likelihood: High · High
- Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP CookiesCAPEC-31likelihood: High · High
- Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data TokensCAPEC-39likelihood: High · Medium
- Session Credential Falsification through PredictionCAPEC-59likelihood: High · High
- Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)CAPEC-60likelihood: High · High
- Session FixationCAPEC-61likelihood: Medium · High
ATT&CK techniques
- Access Token ManipulationT1134
- Access Token Manipulation:Token Impersonation/TheftT1134.001
- Access Token Manipulation: Create Process with TokenT1134.002
- Access Token Manipulation: Make and Impersonate TokenT1134.003
- Steal Application Access TokenT1528
- Steal Web Session CookieT1539
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Web Session CookieT1550.004
- Forge Web CredentialsT1606
Change log
- SSVC exploitation— → none
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (18 more)Show less
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/8b4c1db8300117b28a0f3f743c0b9e3f964687a690cdf9662a884bbd%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/r3bbb800a816d0a51eccc5a228c58736960a9fffafa581a225834d97d%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/r48c1444845fe15a823e1374674bfc297d5008a5453788099ea14caf0%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/r6ccee4e849bc77df0840c7f853f6bd09d426f6741247da2b7429d5d9%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9136ff5b13e4f1941360b5a309efee2c114a14855578c3a2cbe5d19c%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/raba0fabaf4d56d4325ab2aca8814f0b30a237ab83d8106b115ee279a%40%3Cdev.tomcat.apache.org%3E
- lists.apache.org/thread.html/reb9a66f176df29b9a832caa95ebd9ffa3284e8f4922ec4fa3ad8eb2e%40%3Cissues.cxf.apache.org%3E
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/01/msg00024.html
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/05/msg00026.html
- seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Dec/43
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-43
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200107-0001/
- usn.ubuntu.com/4251-1/
- www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4596
- www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4680
- www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html
- www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html
- www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.